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OF EUBIACE^ IN TKOPICAL AFRICA. 259 



occur in our species of Adina and in some species of Gardenia ; 

 and there are whorls of tliree to five leaves in the genus Fadogia. 

 Leaves, more rounded in figure and smaller in size than the rest 

 • of the leaves on the plant, occur at the base of the branches in 

 the genera Cremaspora and Folyspli<Bria. A few species, especi- 

 ally in the genus Psycliotria^ have punctate leaves. 



The stipules are either persistent or deciduous ; they are un- 

 divided in the majority of genera, and are often connate at the 

 base, so as to be intrapetiolar ; they are geminate in some species 

 of Musscenda 2indi in two out of the three s^ocie^ of Heinsia \ 

 they are 2-4-cuspidate in some species of Oldenlandia, Psychotria^ 

 and AntTiospermum^ and in Triainolepis ] they are 2-x-setose in 

 Yirecta setigera^ in Otomeria^ Diricliletia^ in some species oi Olden- 

 landia and in Diodia^ Spermacoce^ Octodon, and Gaillonia; they 

 are multipartite in Penfas, and multifid in Temnopteryx, The 

 stipules are glumaceous in Leptactina senegamhica^ Bandia ma- 

 orantha^ and Macrospliyra ; and tbey sheathe the stem in TricTio- 

 stacliys vaginalis. In the tribe Galiese either the stipules are to 

 be considered foliaceous and like the leaves, or the leaves are to 

 be regarded as verticillate and the stipules as wanting. 



10. Differences in Hal it and Stature* 

 Except the tribe Galiese, which is but sparingly represented in 

 Tropical A^frica, and except also the tribe Spermacocea?, the prevail- 

 ing habit of Eubiacese consists of shrubs, often small, sometimes 

 scandent, and occasionally arborescent. The tribe of HedyotideaD, 

 ho»vever, is made up almost wholly of herbs, thougli some species 

 of Pentas and the genus Dirichletia are undershrubs or more or 

 less busliy. Moreover the genera Temnopteryx^ Pentaloncha^ and 

 Geoplnla consist of herbs, the last-named genus consisting of 

 small, slender, creeping, rooting plants. 



Several genera and species are climbing-shrubs, as Rutidea^ Si- 

 \ phomeris^ Sabicea^ &c., and a few are spinous, as TTncaria, Bandia 



dumetorum^ some species ofCanfliimn, and some states of Gardenia 

 ' Thunhergia. Anthospermum is heath-like, and -S/br^Z/a sometimes 



produces aerial roots. 



A few species constitute trees, such as the species of Belono-^ 



pliora, Mitragyne, Corynanthe, &c. Dr. Schweinfurth remarks 

 that in If iamniam-land the large, elira-stemmed Eubiaceae, by their 

 regularity of growth and symmetry of leaf, appear to imitate and, 

 in a measure, supply the absence of arborescent ferns. 

 Clinging prickles occur only in some species of Galie©. 



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