CAMPANULACEOUS AND OLEACEOUS ORDERS. 



the stigma, in Apocyneae and Asclepiadeae, with this difference, that 

 in the latter two orders the dilatation bears the stigmatic surface 

 or spots on its outside, whilst the terminal bifid apiculus, some- 

 times forming a large beak into which the dilatation tapers, some- 

 times reduced to very small dimensions in the centre of the con- 

 cave disk-like dilatation, is usually, if not always, inert, whilst in 

 Groodenoviesc the concave dilatation or indusium is inert, and the 

 small bifid apiculus in its centre is stigmatic. The same differ- 

 ence in the position of the stigmatic surface is observable in He- 

 liotropieae as compared with other Boragineae : that the indusium 

 is thus in fact the concave apex of the style may be further con- 

 firmed by the case of Leschenaultia, where it is more or less di- 

 stinctly two-lobed, and the stigmatic surface, instead of being sti- 

 pitate in the base of the cavity, lines the inside of one at least of 

 the lobes, thus forming an approach to the ordinary bilamellate 

 stigmas of a large number of Gamopetalae. 



In the Campanulacejs we have, as has often been proposed, re- 

 united as tribes or suborders the two great groups of Lobelieae and 

 Campanuleae. Together they form a determinate wholesur rounded 

 on every side by a broad gap without any intermediate or ambi- 

 guous form. Their nearest neighbours are the above-mentioned 

 Stylidieae and Goodenovieae ; but besides the minor characters 

 brought forward by Brown, it may be enough to observe that there 

 is in Campanulaceae no indication either of the singular consolida- 

 tion of the filaments and style of the former, or of the indusium 

 of the latter order. Between the tribes, however, there is no 

 such definite line of distinction. At first sight, indeed, the irre- 

 gular flowers and alternate anthers of Lobelieae would seem to 

 form together a good ordinal character to separate them from the 

 regular flowers and free anthers of Campanuleae; but though 

 constant in the great majority of cases, there are various except 

 tions with" different combinations. There are species of Isotoma 

 and Lobelia where the obliquity of the corolla is very slight ; and, 

 on the other hand, in Leptocodon and several species of Campanula 

 and Phyteuma it is very perceptible. At the most, indeed, the 

 irregularity of Lobelieae is but little more than obliquity. There 

 is no tendency to the bilabiate aestivation or to the didynamy of 

 the Personate orders ; the equally valvate aestivation and the iso- 

 mery of the stamens are constant, both in Lobelieae and Campa- 

 nuleae ; the structure of the pistil, fruit, and seed is the same in 

 both tribes as to all essentials, and exhibits similar variations in 

 both as to minor points. 



