234 DR. J. KIRK ON THE COPAL TREE. 



Tribe PyreT^ocarpei. 



Verrucaria dermoplaca, Nyl., sp. n. "Thallus castaneus laeii 

 tenuis, passim rhagadiose diffracto-rimosus, rhagadibus nigricantibus; 

 apothecia extus nigra convexa prominula (latit. hoc operculo ostiolari 

 0*2 millim. vel minore), pyrenio ceteroquin incolori innata ; sporae 

 8nae incolores ellipsoideae, longit. 00] 1-0*012 millim., crassit. 0*006- 

 0007 millim. Iodo gelatina hymenialis vinose rubescens. 



M In stirpe V. mucosa species oranino peculiaris." — NyL in litt. 



Ad saxa quartzosa maritima. Fox Bay (West Falkland Islands). 



January, 1868. Sparingly gathered. 



Lepraria latebrarum, Ach. 



Overspreading mosses on rocks. Peckett Harbour (east coast of 

 Patagonia) . 



An undeveloped state of some lichen unknown. 



It will be seen from the above enumeration that our knowledge 

 of the lichen-flora of these South-American regions has thus 

 been considerably enlarged by the researches of Professor Cun- 

 ningham. Not only have several species been thus shown to 

 have a much more southerly range than was previously known, 

 but others, some of them very interesting novelties, have been 

 brought to light. At the same time one cannot glance at the list 

 of species collected without being at once struck by the paucity 

 of representatives of some of the inferior genera — though there 

 can be no doubt that many species of the Lecanorei, Lecidei, and 

 Pyrenocarpei, both corticole and saxicole, are not infrequent in 

 these regions. For the reasons, however, referred to above, 

 these appear as sparingly in the present as they do in all former 

 collections. 



Modern Conal Tree. TracJiiilobium Home 



mannianum, with that which yielded the Copal or Animi now 

 found in the earth on the East Coast of Africa, qfjten where 

 no Copal-yielding trees now exist. By John Kirk, M.D., 

 P.L.S. &c. 



[Read April 20, 1876.] 



Museum 



at Kew a collection illustrating the history of the semifossil 

 resin known in general trade as Zanzibar copal, and in the London 

 market as Gum Animi. I need not advert now to the manner in 



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