DR. ATTCniSOK OX THE FLORA OF LAUUL. SI 



Ahies Smithiana^ "Eai" (Hind.), occurs in the lowest part of 

 the valley towards ChumLa in some quantity, but, except at this, 

 the lowest elevation in Lahul, it is not found elsewhere. In 

 Chumba it is a common tree. 



The next common and useful tree is No, 284, Balioc^ sp. (not 

 determinable), " Chungna," which occurs largely cultivated round 

 villages. The wood of this tree is not used for timber so much 

 as for other purposes, of which we shall hereafter speak. 



There are several other trees, as Nos. 188, Pyrus ISIalus^ L. ; 



Wall 



if^ 



viminalis^ L,, to be met with ; but none of these are sufficiently 

 common or large enough to be considered of value or brought 



into general use. 



ifi 



Popidtis, sp. (not determinable), are the tallest trees of Lahul, 

 some being fully fifty feet high. They are termed " Yarpa" and 

 "Makal;" but these names are indifferently applied to either 

 tree. No. 193, Pyrus Aria, L., is said to be very common in 



Kunwar. 



Firetaoody ^^ JBitd-sMng'^ — The chief source of firewood is No. 

 283, Juniperus excelsa. The large trees of this are not allowed 

 to be felled indiscriminately ; only the smaller are open to the 

 public for cutting. Also No. 291, Ilippophae rhamnoides, L. This 

 often reaches tree-size. Its wood is hard, making the best fire- 

 wood. Along with the above, the branches of No. 284, SalLv, sp. 

 (not determinable), and of No. 280, BetuJa Bhojputra^^ViW.^ not 

 unfrequently come into use, and not rarely those of No. 279, 

 Piniis e.vcelsa, obtained bv stealth. 



The Lahulees are, on the whole, very badly off for fix-ing mate- 

 rial during winter. This is due greatly to their own laziness 

 (at the proper season for collecting w^ood they do not do so, and 

 therefore suffer during the winter), also to the fact, partially, that 

 fircAVood is not plentiful. In addition, therefore, to using wood 

 for fuel, they largely consume cow-dung made up in flat cakes, 



impressed with the "sign manual" on them, as met with all over 

 India. 



Stoves were found very valuable by the mission, from the small 

 quantity of firing-material required under their use. 



Charcoal, " Solwa,'' " SoIIa.' '—Chareoal in Lahul is made ouly 

 for private consumption by the blacksmiths. It is not to be 

 obtained except as belonging to them, and then in very small 

 quantities. The only wood used in making it is that of No. 2i)±, 



I^I^'X. PHOC. — EOTAl^y, VOL. X. a 



