DE, AITCHISON OK THE FLOBA OF LAHUL. 87 



vacetniifol{m)i, Wall. I 114, Cassiope fastigata^ Don; 143, Aquilegia 

 vulgaris^ L. ; 147, Anemone polyantheSy Don ; 279, Pinus excelsa ; 

 289, Salioo, sp, ; 301, Ligularia arnicoides^ DO. And confining 

 themselves to tlie southern slopes more particularly we have 

 Nos. 122, Saccifraga diversifolia^ Wall., and 145, Anemone rupicola, 

 Camb. 



The excessive dryness of the atmosphere admits apparently of the 

 presence of only two of the Fern tribe, and these from the valley. 



Mosses and Lichen-forms are very rare. 



In addition to the above remarks on the vegetation and flora 

 of Lahul, one cannot well finish this paper without making a few 



remarks on the animals &c. that are made use of by the inha- 

 bitants. 



Horses, " Ta," are common, used chiefly for riding-purposes. 

 If for carrying loads, they generally belong to the traders. 



Donkeys, " Bongwu," are more common than horses, used for 

 conveying loads, and not for riding. 



Of Mules, " Driu," " Diu," until lately there have been none ; but 

 since the new bridge at Koksar was built, mules belougiug to 

 traders pass through the district. 



Yaks, " Tak," are not common. 



Cows and Oxen, " Ba," " Balang," are common in Lahul gene- 

 rally. These have no humps ; but in that portion of the country 

 inhabited by Hindoos the variety possessing a hump is common. 



The "Dzo " or hybrid between the Tak and common Cow, is 

 highly esteemed for ploughing and field-purposes, carrying goods, 

 &c., and is tolerably common. 



Immense herds of sheep, " Luk," and goats, " Eama," cover the 

 hills, their chief value consisting in their yield of wool, "Bal,'* 

 which affords clothing to the whole population. Oulj a compara- 

 tively small part of the sheep's wool is exported, especially the black, 

 which is eagerly sought by the people of Kullu, who prefer bar- 

 tering for wool to selling their honey, fruits, tobacco, &c. " Pu- 

 shum" ("Lena," Tib.), the small soft hair that is found mixed 

 up with the roots of the wool, is not produced in Lahul at all, but 

 forms a valuable article of the transit trade, which is to some ex- 

 tent carried out by settled inhabitants of Lahul, as well as by the 

 professional Hindustanee traders. Besides the yield of wool, these 

 animals are used for the conveyance of the through traffic. 



Goats' hair, " Eal," is much used in making the only ropes the 

 the Lahulees themselves make, as well as shoes. 



Milk, " Oma," forms a large part of the Lahulec diet, M'hen it 

 is obtainable; and that of the Goat is tlie most common. The 



