358 DR. W. KTLANDER ON TWO KEW CRITERIA 



trades above the anthers, and no pollen can get to it from the 

 anthers. By pressure from above on the carina it is bent a little 

 downwards, while anthers and pistil follow in this direction, but 

 then fly upwards with elasticity, when the pollen flies forth in a 

 small cloud, and a portion of it settles unfailingly on the stigma. 

 According to my observations, in this case no sinking of the carina 

 occurs in the last stage of the development of the flower as m 

 IndigoferaandiMedicago. Hence (he concludes) fecundation only 

 hap2)ens througK the aid of insects, since the lapping down of the 

 carina is not the completion of the flower's development." 



In connexion with these observations I Avould wish to quote a 

 description of the somewhat similar construction in Ci/fisics sco- 

 parius, kindly communicated to me by Mr. Darwin. .He says, 

 " In the Broom, if the flowers be protected from insects, the parts 

 (stamen and pistil) do not spring out, and scarcely any pods 

 are produced. In a flower lately expanded, when a bee alights 

 on the keel, the shorter stamens alone are ejected, and they dust 

 the abdomen of the insect. When the flower is a day or two 

 older, if a bee alights on the keel, the pistil and longer stamens 

 spring violently out, and the hairs on the pistil deposit plenty of 

 pollen on the bee's back, against which the stigma is rubbed. 

 When the bee flies away, the pistil curls still more, and the stig- 

 matic surface becomes up-turned, and stands close to the ^)ro- 

 truded anthers of the shorter stamens. We have seen that the 

 bee gets dusted in its abdomen from the shorter stamens of the 

 younger flowers ; and this pollen ^411 be left on the up-turned 

 stigma of the curled pistil of the older flowers. Thus both the 

 upper and lower surface of the bee ggts dusted with pollen, which 

 will be transferred to the stigma at two different periods." 





Hypochlorite of Lime and Hydrate of Potash, twd new Criteria m 



WlLIilAM 



w 



B A., r.L.s. 



[Road June 21, 186G.] 



I. Hypochlorite or LniE, 



It is known that the colouring-matter of EoccelJa separates itselt 

 and is easily obtained, if we malaxate or rub between the fingers, 



