366 DE. LArDER LI>'DSAT OS THE 



ogy 



*• 



that, viz., which is characterized by the application of the micro- 

 scope to the examination of the characters of spores and spei*- 

 matia. It folloAvs from this that not only must such lists he im- 

 perfect or defective as to numerical extent, but there cannot fail 

 to be errors in nomenclature and confusions of diverse species. 

 Both these classes of defects relate chiefly to the more minute and 

 lower lichens, including, e. ^., the saxicolous, tcrricolous, and 

 muscicolous ZeciJcre, My lists, now subjoined, have the advantage 

 of a nomenclature the most modern and most approved, the most 

 precise and correct — the species having been for the most part 

 determined by my friend Dr. Nylander of Paris, the author of a 

 recent ^ Prodromus Lichenographia? Scandinavia)'*, which is at the 

 same time the fullest and best Catalogue extant of the Lichens of 

 Northern Europe. It contains, however, scarcely any reference 

 to the lichens of Icelandf. 



Similar remarks apply to the lichens of Fiiro. I know of no 

 list of its lichens the nomenclature whereof is modern and exact ; 

 nor is there any reference to Paroese lichens in JS'ylander's * Li- 

 chenes Scandinavia) ' i, or in Pries's ' Lichenes Arctoi'§. 



Most of my Norwegian lichens, however, are enumerated in 

 Nylander's excellent M'ork, though one or two are not therein men- 

 tioned, but are to be found recorded in Pries's ' Lichenes Arctoi, 

 or in the ^Plora' or other continental Botanical Journals. 



In all three lists there are certain species which are interestmg 

 either from their absolute rarity, the peculiarities of their distri- 

 bution, or in connexion with their parallel occurrence in Scotland. 



The subjoined Catalogues do not fully represent my collections, 

 and still less the lichen-flora of the countries wherein they were 

 gathered. They represent only such portions of my collections 

 as survived the destructive process of travel in a state fit for pre- 

 servation in my lierbarium and for determination. AVherever 1 

 have collected lichens at such a distance from home as to neces- 

 sitate package, and carriage by public conveyances, I have never 

 failed to suffer a large loss, especially among the more minute and 



* Or ' Lichenes ScanclinaTise,' Helsirigfors, 1861, p. 312. 



t I liave recently had an opportunity of examining Fries's * Lich 

 published, however, a year prior to Nylander's ' Lich. Scand.* It contanis 

 only twenty-six species (collected by Steenstrup, Morck, Valil, and others) 

 specially mentioned as Icelandic. 



X Nylander writes me (Feb. 9, 1866), " Sur les Lichens de Faro je ne connais 

 rle/i de public." 



§ "Lichenes Arctoi, Europse Groenlandiseque hactenus co^iti," by Th. M. 

 Fries, Ph.D. Upsal. (Trans. Royal Society of Sciences of Upsal,1860, pp. 298). 



Arctoi/ 



