

L 



LICIIEX-rLOEA OF KOKTHERIN" EUROPE. 403 



woods of jN'oi-v.-ay I found, speaking generally, the same liclaens 

 as in those of Scotland; and on the same species of tree I usually 



■ found the same 



countries. The 



cracked bark of old birch trees was generally infested with forms 

 of Usnea larhata, Parmelia saxatilis and olivacea, Flvjscia parietina, 

 puherulenta, and stellaris, and Verrucaria ej>idermidis. On the 

 ash (about Christiania) occurred chiefly Parmelia tiliacea and 

 olivacea, Platysma fjlaitcum, PJiyscia parietina, puJvertdenta, and 

 stellaris, Lecanora sitlfiisca and aurantiaca, and Lecidea parasema. 

 On the sycamore (also in the lowlands) the same lichens were 

 met with as on the ash. On the alder, which is very common, 

 and grows to considerable size on the sand and mud banks or 

 hillocks of Eidsvold, on the Mjosen Lake, were seen Grapliis 

 scripfa, and Lecidea parasema and disciformis. 



Scotland, however, in addition to a more southerly latitude, has 

 a more varied geological basis than Iceland, I'iiro, and Norway 

 put together ; its arboreal vegetation is also much more diversified, 

 while it is perhaps as abundant as tliat of Norway. It may there- 

 fore possess a more varied and richer Lichen-flora than these three 

 more northern countries put together*. But at present, as already 

 shown, there are not materials for determining this. 



% list of Icelandic, Eiiroese, and Norwegian lichens is much 

 too meagre and from too limited areas to enable me to deduce, or 

 warrant me in deducing general conclusions regarding the charac- 

 teristics of the Lichen-flora of, or the distribution of species in, 

 tHose portions of Northern Europe. My data are sufficient, 

 ^lowever, to indicate meanwhile the following facts of interest, viz. 

 the comparative abundance of certain families or genera, and the 

 comparative paucity or the absence of certain others. Especially 

 ahundaut are the groups 



^' iec/^c^, terrlcolous, musclcolous, and saxicolous 



2. Lecanorw, terricoloua, muscicolous, aud saxicolous .. 



3. Umiilicaricaj especially in ISTorway 



4. I'laij/smata, especially terricolous, muscicolous, and 



corticolous 



No, of 



species. 



67 

 57 

 14 



Total lichens 



s collected ^56 



The only doubt that can exist, indeed, is in regard to the lichena of Soot 

 ^nd lus c'ompai-ed with those of Norw a.v (as already st.itod, page 399). 



