220 DR. M. T. MASTERS ON THE MORPHOLOGY 
generally yellow on the ventral surface, reddish brown or purple 
on the dorsal aspect. 
The pollen consists of separate oblong or spheroidal cells, smooth 
on the outer surface, and each provided with a single furrow. 
In the three-styled section a rudimentary pistil (pistillodium) 
is found in the centre of the male flower, its three lobes alternating 
with the stamens and each surmounted by a rudimentary style. 
The perianth in the female flowers resembles that of the male 
in all important particulars. Those species that are provided with 
three styles have also three antherless filaments (staminodia) 
within the inner glumes. The ovary is generally oblong or round- 
ish, compressed from back to front, one-, two-, or three-celled ; 
in the latter case the three carpels alternate with the stamens, 
and are placed opposite to the outer segments of the perianth, so 
that two carpels are posterior or next to the axis, while one is 
anterior or next to the bract. In Grasses the theoretical position 
of the carpels is exactly the reverse of this, the odd carpel being 
in that family posterior*. In point of size, the ovary itself is 
usually considerably shorter than the glumes, but the styles by 
which it is surmounted usually project beyond the perianth. 
The styles vary in number from one to three. In those cases 
where there is but a single style, it is generally divided halfway 
down into two linear recurved branches, with feathery stigmatic 
hairs on the inner surface. Two distinct styles are rarely met 
with. When there are three styles, the ovary is generally inversely 
conical in form, and the styles project one from each of its upper 
corners. In a few species the base of the style is dilated into 
a yellow “ stylopod ” surmounting the top of the ovary, e. g. R. 
setiger. It has been proposed by Kuntht to separate the three- 
styled species from the rest and to form them into a new genus, 
a proceeding in which I am not disposed to concur, as it would 
break up a tolerably natural easily defined group into two less 
sharply limited divisions. 
The fruit is capsular, one-, two-, or, very rarely, three-celled, 
dehiscing longitudinally along the edges of the carpels. Its form 
varies according to the presence of all its constituent carpels, or 
the abortion of one or more of them. It is surmounted in all 
cases by the rudiments of the styles. 
There is usually but a single seed, occupying the whole of the 
* See a paper of Nees von Esenbeck’s in ‘ Linnea,’ v. p. 680, wherein a tri- 
carpellary Grass is figured and described. 
f Enum. iii. p. 397, adnot. 
