184 REV, PROF. G. HENSLOW ON THE 
formed at the nodes, though it does not supply cords for any 
stipules as in Rubiacee. 
XIX. DIPSACEE (PI. XXIX.).—xxxv. SCABIOSA SUCCISA. 
The pedicel contains a ring (1) which divides at first into eight 
cords (2), and when these pass to the circumference two others 
remain in the middle (3). The ovary-cell appears between them. 
Four of the cords belong to the sepals (4, $.), and four, alter- 
nating with the former, to the petals (4, p.). The staminal are 
given off by chorisis from the sepaline, å. e. if the flower be 4- 
merous. A flower not infrequently has five petals, which then 
reveals the origin of the normally irregular four-merous flower. 
It is desirable to compare it with a Labiate, for it shows that, 
although both have a “hood” and a “ lip,” they are constructed 
on different principles. In the Labiate, e. g. Lamium album, the 
hood consists of two petals and the lip of one, the lateral petals 
being atrophied, but both are present. In Scabiosa, figure (5) 
shows the originally quincuncial order of development, the fifth 
or innermost petal being atrophied. The stamen adjacent to it 
vanishes (répresented by an O in fig. 5), so that when the flower 
becomes 4-merous, both the lip and the hood, each, consist of 
one petal only. The stamens are of course differently situated 
from those of the Labiatæ, and it is not the posterior stamen 
which disappears, as in that family ; for it is one on the anterior 
side which is wanting in Scabiosa. A papillose gland is formed 
at the base of the posterior petal. 
XX. COMPOSITE (PI. XXIX.).—xxxvi. CALENDULA OFFI- 
CINALIS.— The peduncle of this flower contains twenty cords of 
different sizes. After sending off branches to the involuere, the 
remainder form a ring which branches upwards and terminates 
with small elusters of cords at the surface of the general re- 
ceptacle (1, vertical section). These are for the florets. A 
transverse section below the base of the florets shows them 
to be already marked out by a slight differentiation of the 
ground-tissue (2). The groups of cords first separate into 
three (3), then into six (4), ot which the three outer belong to 
the stamens and margins of the petal-lobes, the three inner to 
the carpels ; i. e. two of them form dorsal cords, while the third 
and central one is the marginal (5), the ovary being already 
differentiated from the receptacular tube, as indicated by the 
