VASCULAR SYSTEMS OF FLORAL ORGANS. 189 
XXV. BORAGINEÆ (Pl. XXX.).—xivu. SYMPHYTUM 
OFFICINALE.—The pedicel contains five larger cords situated at 
the angles of a pentagon, with one to three smaller ones inter- 
mediate between them (1). These five are for the sepals. The 
others increase (2) and coalesce till they form a more or less 
complete pentagon alternating in position with the previous one, 
the cords at the angles supplying the petals. These being given 
off, another peutagon supplies the stamens in a similar way (3)- 
The remainder of the pentagon now becomes roughly four-sided 
(4). At this stage, two clusters of very large tracheids (¢r.), 
resembling compound crystals or “ macles,” appear in the central 
parenchyma (4 and 6), and though originating freely, soon send 
off branches to unite with the now completed quadrangular zone 
(5, 7, 8). This latter now forms four groups of cords, each of 
which sends off a number of branches below the ovary-cell (8), 
which then rise up the dorsal side of it (9), partly nourishing 
the disk (10, D), which is formed at the base of the ovary-cells. 
Each of the two star-like clusters of tracheids sends off a cord 
into the style (11). 
The Boraginee and Papaveracee (PI. XXIII., v. 7 and 7 a) are 
the only two orders known to me in which tracheids are originated 
from merenchyma in the parenchyma totally independently of 
the cords of the axis. 
XLVII. Ecurum caLYcINUM.—The pedicel has ten horseshoe- 
shaped cords (1). Five of them supply three-branched cords to 
the sepals (2, s.), as well as, subsequently, five for the stamens. 
Five others appear for the petals (2, p At this period the 
* macle”-like tracheids (fr.) appear, but though feebly developed 
are not connected with other cords (as occurs also in Anchusa). 
Then appear four separate subtriangular groups for the ovaries ; 
but having no connection with the isolated tracheids (3, fr.). 
The cords form a plexus below each ovary-cell (3), as in Sym- 
phytum (xıyı1. 8); then, rising up, appear at first to be about 
five in number, behind each ovary-cell (4). Each of the cords at 
the four inner angles of the groups (8) give rise to two placental 
(4, pl.e.). Figure 5isa section above the base of the ovary-cells. 
The five dorsal cords have now increased in number to seven. 
XXVI. PRIMULACEE (Pl. XXXI.).—xuix. PRIMULA VERIS. 
The peduncle below the umbel has a pentagon with five pro- 
minent cords at the angles (1). These coalesce aud then form as 
