THEIR FORM AND FUNCTION. 229 
disarticulated above the sheath. The winter-bud is protected by 
scales, consisting of reduced leaves, on which the stipules are 
scarcely perceptible. In Genista antarctica and G. sagittalis the 
stipules are similar in type, but minute. In G. virgata the 
shoots die at the tips, so that there are no terminal buds. The 
Pedestals are densely lined with hairs on the inner surface. 
G. hispanica has no stipules, but the bud is protected by scales, 
which are ciliated at the margin and hairy. There is also a 
dense mass of hairs ou the axis. 
Spartium junceum agrees in the absence of stipules; but in this 
species the young bud is protected by the enlarged, concave, 
persistent, pedestals of the last year’s leaves. 
Cytisus is another genus in which some species have stipules 
and others not. Those of the Laburnum have been already 
mentioned. We may divide the genus into three types :—those 
with moderate-sized stipules; those with minute stipules; and 
those with none. 
In C. racemosus, C. canariensis, C. stenopetalus, &c., the sti- 
pules are oblong or subulate-oblong, obtuse, densely hairy 
especially on the inner side; and though small, assist in pro- 
tecting the bud. The growing buds form a dense rosette. There 
are no bud-seales. The axillary buds are protected by the petiole 
and stipules. The pedestal, which in other species, as we shall 
see, plays so important a part, is scarcely evident. 
Tn a second type, of which the Broom (C. Scoparius), C. albus, 
C. sessilifolia, &c., may be taken as representatives, the stipules 
are minute and the lateral buds are mainly protected by the 
concave, persistent, pedestals of the leaves. The winter-bud is 
protected by two small scales and by a dense covering of hairs. 
In most, if not all, the species of this group, moreover, the apices 
of the twigs die in winter, so that all the buds are then axillary. 
In a third type, C. serotinus for instance, the stipules have 
entirely disappeared. The axillary buds are protected by the 
broad, concave, persistent pedestals; the terminal buds by short, 
brown scales, which pass by a series of gradations into true 
leaves. These scales are trifid at the apex, but the lateral teeth 
represent leaflets, not stipules. C. nubigenus, C. filipes, C. pro- 
liferus, C. capiilatus, C. uralensis, C. nigricans, C. purpureus, &e., 
agree in the absence of stipules. 
: Again, in the genus Acacia, A. cordata has triangular, or sub- 
hastate, acuminate, spiny phyllodes ; and the stipules are. 
