234 SIR JOHN LUBBOCK ON STIPULES, 
covered with scales; these are trifid, representing the petiole 
and two stipules. 
SAXIFRAGEE. 
Some genera have, while others have not, stipules. This family 
is also especially instructive because the genera differ greatly in 
habit. 
Species with Stipules. 
Astilbe japonica.—The leaves are radical and cauline, bi- tri- 
ternately compound, with long, almost terete petioles, and a long, 
narrow, shallow groove on the upper side. The stipules of the 
radical leaves form a large fleshy sheath, with a membranous 
margin, surrounding the winter-buds; those of the lower cauline 
leaves are separated from the petiole for the greater part of 
their length, completely surrounding the stem, but not conuate, 
forming two or three broadly triangular, membranous, cuspidate 
pieces, wrinkled, white at the base and brown above. The 
upper cauline stipules are similar but smaller, and less com- 
pletely surround the stem. 
Tellima grandiflora.—Yhe stipules are large, and united to the 
petioles by their edges for 3 of their length, pale green, mem- 
branous, ciliate at the margins; they are, in fact, the sheath of 
the leaf, separated at the upper end. The axillary buds have the 
first leaf reduced to its sheath. 
Tolmiæa Menziesii.—ln this speeies there are large and well- 
developed, nearly membranous stipules at the base of the hairy, 
terete petioles. They are morphologically developments of the 
sheath of the leaf, to the side of which they are attached by their 
edges for 4 or more of their length, as seen in different species 
of Hosa. The free ends are rounded or triangular and ciliate- 
serrate. The first leaf of the axillary buds is generally, if not 
always, reduced to an entire, concave, or boat-shaped sheath, with 
the midrib representing the petiole sometimes excurrent as a 
short bristle. At tne base o: the lamina of each leaf a bud is in 
nearly all cases developed, contmuous with the apex of the 
petiole. The first eaf of this is also reduced to an entire sheath, 
while succeeding eaves have a lamina and well-developed 
stipules. 
Mitella cordifolia—In this species the leaves are tufted, 
dwarf, petiolate, and with sheathing bases to the petioles. The 
free portion of the sheath is short, rounded, and ciliate. In 
