THEIR FORM AND FUNCTION. 237 
senting stipules, but are entirely adnate to the petiole. They 
completely envelop the younger leaf. 
Saxifraga crassifolia—The petiole is expanded at the base, 
forming a large, triangular, elongated sheath. The sides of the 
sheath are connate, forming a hood, by which the winter-bud 
is effectually protected. 8. cordifolia, S. ligulata, S. ciliata, 
S. Stracheyi, S. Milesii, &c., agree in these respects. 
S. Aizoon.—In the species belonging to this type the leaves are 
arranged in dense rosettes, except on the stoloniferous shoots, 
and the buds are protected by the erowd of leaves forming the 
rosette. On the stoloniferous shoots the leaves are semi- 
amplexicaul. 
S. Camposii. —In this type the petioles are dilated at the base. 
The leaves also are arranged in dense rosettes during winter. 
S. juniperifolia.—In this species the leaves are narrowly lan- 
ceolate, or subulate-lanceolate, acute, widest above the base, but 
slightly narrowed just there, ciliate along the edge but not mem- 
branous. There is no sheath or stipules of any kind; but the 
winter-bud is amply protected by the compact and dense arrange- 
ment of the leaves. 
Others agreeing in the dense arrangement of the leaves are 
S. sancta, S. Burseriana, S. aspera, S. aretioides, S. luteo-purpurea, 
and S. oppositifolia with its allies, also S. retusa. 
S. tricuspidata.—The leaves in this type are spathulate, tri- 
cuspidate, sessile, tapering slightly to a broad base, ciliate, 
arranged in moderately dense rosettes, while the innermost ones 
form a close bud. 
Escallonia floribunda—The leaves are oblong lanceolate, 
finely serrulate, gradually tapering into a very short petiole, 
glabrous, evergreen. In the bud state the petioles are concave 
and clasp round half of the bud at the very base, while the leaf 
upwards encloses the whole of the younger leaves. The arrange- 
ment is on the 2 plan, and at the very base only two or three 
petioles are required to cover the whole bud at the very base, 
which is the widest part. 
E. punctata.—The leaves are elliptic, serrate, evergreen, densely 
punctate beneath with glands, and slightly hairy on the midrib, 
very shortly petiolate. The winter-buds are covered externally 
by a few leaves reduced to small, ovate, green, and quite sessile 
structures. Those that succeed are very shortly petiolate, with 
broadish concave petioles wrapped partly round the bud. The 
