FRUIT AND SEED OF THE JUGLANDEX. 251 
of the ovary are shown in this section, because they were situated 
at a higher level. The ovule from the first was basal, and the 
seed, even at maturity, may be looked upon as lying astride the 
basal placenta, with its four lobes projecting into as many 
cavities excavated from the originally solid base of the fruit. 
Fig. 6. 
Transverse section through a more advanced fruit near the base. X6. 
Sept. 21.— T, testa ; C, C, C, C, folds of cotyledons; B', PB", bracteoles or 
wings; Ca, small mass of cortical tissue. 
The testa is shown at 7, lining the interior of the cavities and 
enclosing the variously folded lobes of the cotyledons (C, C, C, C). 
The walls surrounding the cavities are thick and sclerenchyma- 
tous, with exception of the thin outer rind and its appendages, 
the bracteoles or wings, shown at B', B'. The cotyledons of the 
embryo diverge, one to each side of the fruit, and their lobes 
pass in pairs into each of the four cavities of the fruit. As 
growth proceeds and the short lobes become too wide for the 
cavities, they become conduplicated in order to accommodate 
themselves to the restricted space and at the same time to fill it. 
The secondary fission seems intended to facilitate folding, and 
was probably originally brought about by excessive plication. 
If the two lobes had been in one piece, the latter would have 
had to be twice conduplicate longitudinally, which would have 
been difficult to accomplish. The folding is not always on the 
same plan, as may be seen by reference to the figure. 
