252 SIR JOHN LUBBOCK ON THE 
THe Watnur (Juglans). 
The fruit of the Walnut differs from that of Pterocarya in 
several remarkable particulars, and while the cotyledons of 
Pterocarya are leaf-like and aerial in germination, those of the 
Walnut never emerge from the seed. 
Chabreus long ago remarked on the wonderful richness of 
nature as displayed in the Walnut, “ presertim miranda figure 
luxuria naturam in hoc fructu lusisse certum est.” The Walnut, 
from its fancied resemblance to a head, the outer woody covering 
being compared to the skull, and the folds of the cotyledons to 
the convolutions of the brain, was formerly supposed to be espe- 
cially efficacious in brain-disease. 
In the Walnut (Juglans regia) the ovary is one-celled or im- 
perfectly four-celled, one-ovuled; the ovule is erect and ortho- 
tropous, with the mieropyle superior. The fruit is drupaceous, 
oblong-globose, crowned with a small point consisting of a 3-5- 
toothed involucre formed by the union of the bract'and bracteoles, 
by the remains of the 4-toothed perianth and the remains of the 
style; exocarp or rind smooth, and beset with submerged glandular 
dots bursting irregularly when mature, subfleshy ; endocarp 
hard or bony, and brittle unless very thick, corrugated externally, 
with large irregular corrugations internally, and apparently ex- 
cavated into four large cavities at the base; and if so, the 
excavations are continued to the top of the main cavity of the 
ovary, hollowing out the sides of the endocarp so as to furnish a 
larger amount of space for the seed than is originally provided tor 
it. In Bentham and Hooker’s ‘ Genera Plantarum’ the base of 
the endocarp is said to be intruded, imperfectly dividing the fruit 
into 2 or 4 locali. The endocarp further consists of two valves or 
halves, which are, however, indehiscent. 
The seed is large, strongly and irregularly corrugated, seated 
on the central and originally basal placenta, which in the mature 
fruit is about above the base of the cavity of the endocarp, 
deeply 4-lobed at the base and filling the four cavities ; the testa 
is thin, closely applied to the corrugations of the endocarp ex- 
ternally before the seed becomes dried up, and internally to the 
lobes of the embryo, pale brown. 
In the young state the endosperm fills the interior of the seed 
with a clear jelly-like mass, on the top of which is the small 
