OF ALPINE PLANTS IN THE CAUCASUS. 263 
south-east, depending upon the snowfall, holds good also for the 
vertical distribution of the alpine plants. The more the climate 
approaches a continental one, so much higher the plants ascend ; 
and the statements of altitudes remind us that many plants which 
are cited by Boissier from Afghanistan and the north of Persia 
we find only at considerably greater heights. Those which are 
isolated are accommodated by the Ararats, Sawalan, and Dema- 
wend, and the heights among the Alps of Daghestan range them- 
selves best with those of the Ararats. 
BOTANICAL ENUMERATION. 
An asterisk is prefixed to those species which are found at 
and above 12,000 feet—that is, of the extreme alpine type f. 
THALICTRUM ALPINUM, Linn.  Kasbek, 9200 ft. In the 
region of alpine meadows.  Chanakoi-tau, 8150 ft. (Owerin). 
Found by Ruprecht at Bogos at 9600 ft. (Fl. Caue. p. 3). The 
specimens I have before me differ only in degree of development, 
but in habit are precisely alike. 
*PULSATILLA ALBANA, Stev., var. ARMENA, Rupr. Bingol-dagh, 
10,000 ft. (Radde). Strong seedlings of 16-18 centim. [63-73 in. | 
in height, gathered 4/16 August, 1874; the root-leaves are short 
and weakly developed. Emleki, 10,020 ft. (Owerin). According 
to Ruprecht were gathered by Parrot on Ararat at 10,000-12,000 
ft. (Fl. Cauc. p. 3). 
PULSATILLA ALBANA, var. FLAVESCENS, Regel. South side of 
Schalbus at more than 9000 ft. on 29 June/11 July 1885, also on 
the ascent to the Iohe Pass at nearly 10,000 ft. on 10/22 July, 
1885, gathered by me. The specimens from the former place are 
distinguishable by their slender and lengthened form of leaf. 
PULSATILLA ALBANA, var. VIOLACEA, Rupr., Fl. Caue., was 
found by him in the Tuschin Alps, and at Bogos up to nearly 
10,000 ft. Those specimens of my large set, twelve localities, 
gathered at 5000-6000 ft., are throughout much more strongly 
hairy than those growing at its upper limit; it grows upwards 
from 2500 ft. in the valleys. 
We possess the var. ANDICA, Rupr., from the height of 5500- 
6000 ft. from that author. 
+ Nors.—Approximate equivalents in English linear measure have been 
added by the Translator to the metric measurements.—Sxc. L. 8. 
