266 DR. GUSTAV RADDE ON THE VERTICAL RANGE 
slaty rubbish, its tuber deep below, and its thin, bright green, 
delicate stem winding between the fragments of rock in a 
troublesome fashion, the roots being often a foot in length before 
reaching the surface. 
As regards the species of CARDAMINE, C. IMPATIENS, Linn., 
C. TENERA, Gmel., and C. ULIGINOSA, Bieb., ascend to a little 
above 9000 ft., the last reaching nearly to 10,000 ft., following 
the course of the streams upwards. See Ruprecht, Fl. Cauc. 
pp- 64, 65. 
*ARABIS ALBIDA, Stev. This pretty Crucifer inhabits the 
comprehensive zone between the sea-level and 12,000 ft. It 
belongs to those plants which, as a rule, prefer localities among 
the lower elevations, yet passes above the local snow-line, 
though in such places it rarely flowers. I met with it having 
ripe pods at 11,200 ft. to 11,400 ft. on the Little Ararat, and 
followed up its traces almost to the summit. These specimens 
were uncommonly hairy, as were those also which were gathered at 
more than 11,000 ft., and on Alagös, and were 9-10 em. [33-4 in.] 
in height. Our herbarium possesses specimens from Kapudschich 
at 12,000 ft., collected by Mr. Owerin; as this prematurely 
deceased topographer was extraordinarily accurate in his altitudes, 
I have no doubt of the correctness of his communication. The said 
examples are very dwarf, the leaves, which are very pubescent, 
are in a compressed rosette, close to the root; one only bears 
three ripe pods (August), the other had not reached the 
flowering stage. 
ERYSIMUM GELIDUM, Bunge, I obtained at quite 10,000 ft., 
both on Alagés and from Bingöl-dagh. Ruprecht cites it from 
the Tschingel, in Turkey, at 10,600 ft. 
*SISYMBRIUM Hurtin, Trautv., = Arabis Huetii, Boiss., = Ara- 
bidopsis pinnatifida, var. caucasica, Rupr. The extreme altitude 
given by Ruprecht, Fl. Caue. p. 87, is 11,500 ft. I found it 
almost at the top of Azunta, 12,000 ft. ; on the Archotis-mta at 
10,200 ft. It descended thence as low as 7500 ft., and grew 
chiefly on wet masses of slate scree, and at the elevation of nearly 
9000 ft. it still attained a height of a foot. I also got it in the 
Armenian highlands, on Alagös, at 10,200 ft. 
ANCHONIUM ELYCHRYSIFOLIUM, Boiss. I gathered this, one of 
the most stately of Crucifers, in a fruiting stage, on Bingöl- 
