272 DR. GUSTAV RADDE ON THE VERTICAL RANGE 
*ALSINE RECURVA, All. This, again, is a species which over- 
steps the snow-line in favourable localities. I gathered it on the 
summit of the Little Ararat thus at the height of 12,850 ft. 
Parrot, ‘ Reise zum Ararat,’ p. 213, was aware of its lofty station ; 
his statement of 2000-2166 hexp.=12,780-13,840 ft., refers to 
the Great Ararat. This high alpine form belongs to the variety 
HIRSUTA, Fenzl. J met with this species on almost every high 
alpine locality. Ruprecht, Fl. Caue. 212, gives its lowest occur- 
rence at Siilak at 300 hexp.=1917 ft. 
ALSINE JUNIPERINA, Fenzl, var. VILLOSULA, C. Koch. I follow 
the example of my esteemed friend Von Trautvetter in uniting 
with this A. Villarsii, Fenzl, and A. Biebersteinii, Rupr. This 
species begins at 3000 ft. above the sea, and my highest point 
up to the present, is from the Küp-göl, at 11,300 ft. 
ÅLSINE VERNA, Linn., var. RUBELLA, Wahlenb. (Boiss. Fl. 
Orient. supp. 113), is known from 10,700 ft. on the Tufan-dagh. 
Ruprecht, Fl. Cauc. p. 214. 
ARENARIA ($ EREMOGONE) LYCHNIDEA, Bieb. Its highest ele- 
vation is given by Ruprecht, Fl. Caue. p. 219, from Azunta, at 
11,200 ft. I have often found it in high alpine spots in the 
Great Caucasus, at 9000-10,000 ft. 
CERASTIUM TRIGYNUM, Vill. My highest station is at Küp- 
göl at 11,200 ft. Ruprecht records its maximum altitude at 
11,600 ft. for the Great Caucasus, and its minimum as 5000 ft. 
On Sawalan it ascends as high as 11,000 ft. 
*CERASTIUM KASBER, Parrot, was collected by the first climber 
of Ararat, Parrot, on 29 September, 1829, at 2106 hexp.=13,800 
ft. I gathered this species in many of the high passes in Daghe- 
stan, thus from Nussa at 12,100 ft., and Ketz 11,400 ft. My 
lowest stations were on Kerigo and Kwawlos-mta, at more than 
10,000 ft. The rare Parnassius Nordmanni was resting on this 
plant in the Ketz Pass on 6/18 August, 1885. General Chodzko 
brought it from the Alachan-dagh at 1979 hexp.=12,645 ft. 
(Ruprecht, Fl. Cauc. p. 226), and the same author gives its 
minimum point on Bogos at 1235 hexp.=7900 ft., though at 
this level it is rare (J. c. p. 225). 
CERASTIUM MULTIFLORUM, ©. 4. Mey. A common alpine 
plant, which descends thence to 5000 ft. Ruprecht’s statement 
accords well with my highest station on Borbalo at 10,000 ft. 
