274 DR. GUSTAV RADDE ON THE VERTICAL RANGE 
AsrRAGALUS XEROPHILUS, Ledeb. I brought this from the 
Great and Little Ararat; those specimens gathered at Küp-göl 
at 11,200 ft. are very robust. 
ASTRAGALUS INCERTUS, Ledeb., and A. coarcratus, Trautv. 
From the same stations as the foregoing, at fully 11,000 ft. 
OXYTROPIS ALBANA, Stev., var. ALBIFLORA, Trautv., I brought 
from Küp-gól, the Little Ararat, Kapudschich, and the Iohe Pass 
at heights of 10,400-11,500 ft, 
Oxyrropis CYANEA, Bieb. On Schah-dagh above 11,000 ft. 
HEDYSARUM OBSCURUM, Linn. On the margin of the crater 
of Bingól-dagh at quite 10,500 ft. 
ONOBRYCHIS CORNUTA, Linn. The thorny cushions were very 
luxuriant at fully 10,000 ft. on the Schah-dagh. 
RUBUS saxaTILIS, Linn., and Dryas OCTOPETALA, Linn., have 
hitherto not been found above 9000 ft. in the Caucasus. The 
former grows in the bireh thiekets in the pass between the two 
Ararats; the latter was gathered by Owerin on the Lesser 
Chanakoi-tau at 8450 ft, and I found it in August 1875 on 
Kasbek at 9000 ft. 
POTENTILLA SERICEA, Linn., var. DASYPHYLLA, Trautv., and var. 
SUBPALMATA, Ledeb., collected on the Great Ararat at over 
11,000 ft. on 9/11 August. 
POTENTILLA ARGÆA, Boiss. y Bal. I have this before me, 
gathered on Alagós in 1871 and 1875; also from Kapudschieh 
from the altitudes of 9000 ft. to over 11,000 ft.: the specimens 
growing at the lower level attained a length of flower-stem of 
more than eight inches. I have, besides, strong specimens of 
dwarf type from Bingél-dagh and Sawalan from upwards of 
10,000-11,000 ft. 
PorENTILLA MULTIFIDA, Linn. Those specimens which were 
gathered at Schah-dagh at over 11,000 ft., 27 June/9 July, 1885, 
were in a scanty state of flowering ; but those from Sawalan, at 
close upon 12,000 ft., complete the set. 
POTENTILLA VERNA. Linn. Specimens from Kerigo and 
Borbalo gathered 8/20-15/27 July, 1876, were of the alpine 
character, at over 10,000 ft. In the subalpine zone and lower 
down, to 5000 ft., it becomes very robust and nearly a foot high. 
