278 DR. GUSTAV RADDE ON THE VERTICAL RANGE 
ERIGERON ALPINUM, Linn., var. ERIOCALYX, Ledeb. Grows on 
Kwawlos-mta at 10,000 ft. as a solitary-flowered little plant, of 
8-12 cm. [34-5 in.] high, but in the subalpine zone is as much 
as 30 em. in height. 
ANTENNARIA DIOICA, Linn. Ascends on Archotis-dagh and 
Kasbek to close upon 10,000 ft. 
GNAPHALIUM SUPINUM, Linn., var. SUBACAULE, Wahlenb. In 
its dwarf form ascends to a great altitude, and is reported by 
Ruprecht, Fl. Cauc. iii. 227, from Daghestan up to 11,000 ft- 
My stations are Kwawlos-mta and Borbalo. 
HELICHRYSUM AURANTIACUM, Boiss. § Huet, = H. lavandule- 
folium, Willd. On Bingöl-dagh at quite 10,500 ft., on the Great 
Ararat, found near Küp-göl above 11,000 ft., and there in strong, 
well-flowering specimens, 10-13 cm. [4-54 in.) high. 
ÅNTHEMIS BIEBERSTEINIANA, Adam, = A. Marschalliana, 
Willd., var. 8. Rudolphiana, C. A. Mey. Gathered on the south 
side of Schalbus, at 10,700 ft., 5-7 cm. [2-23 in.] in height, 
though only single-flowered, on 29 June/10 July, 1885. 
ANTHEMIS IBERICA, Bieb., var. BUNGEANA, Trautv. Specimens 
with very matted tomentum, 10-12 cm. [4-43 in.] high, were 
collected on the 9/21 August, 1871, at Küp-göl at 11,000 ft.; 
the typical form is also before me from Borbalo at 10,000 ft., and 
Kasbek. Ruprecht, Fl. Cauc. 289, gives the maximum for Dag- 
hestan at 10,500 ft. 
CHAMEMELUM CAUCASICUM, Willd. At its maximum height 
at Küp-göl, 11,000 ft., in flower 9/21 August, 1871, and in the 
subalpine zone it was as much as 30 em. [113 in.] higb. Reported 
by Ruprecht, Fl. Caue. 331, as attaining 10,000 ft. 
ARTEMISIA SPLENDENS, Willd. Dwarf specimens at its 
greatest altitude at Küp-göl at 11,000 ft., and on Bingöl-dagh at 
10,000 ft., 20 em. [8 in.] in height. 
SENECIO VERNALIS, Waldst. § Kit. Ascends through all the 
zones from the level of the sea, where it is three feet high, up 
the courses of the streams, to more than 10,000 ft., at last hardly 
4-5 cm. [13-2 in.] in height, and then growing in tufted 
communities, amongst damp, slaty rubbish. Cited by Ruprecht 
as reaching to 10,500 ft, in Daghestan, Fl. Cauc. 389. 
