OF ALPINE PLANTS IN THE CAUCASUS. 279 
SENECIO CAUCASICUS, Bieb., and S. RENIFoLIUS, C. A. Mey., 
were found by Ruprecht at 9800 ft. and 9600 ft. 
SENECIO TAXIFOLIUS, Bieb. In both the Great and Little 
Caucasus; it attains the elevation of 10,500 ft., and on Sawalan 
ascends still higher, see Boiss. Fl. Orient. iii. 414. 
JURINEA DEPRESSA, O. A. Mey. From Alagös, on its northern 
side, at more than 10,000 ft.; and found by Ruprecht in Daghe- 
stan at 10,500 ft., see Boiss. Fl. Orient. iii. 583. 
ÄETHEOPAPPUS PULCHERRIMA, Willd., (3. CONCINNUS.  Speci- 
mens almost devoid of stem were gathered on Aschich-dade at 
nearly 10,000 ft., and specimens got from close to the edge of tlıe 
crater of Bingöl-dagh are as much as 25 cm. [10 in.] high. 
CENTAUREA AXILLARIS, Willd., 6. cana, Boiss. On Bingöl- 
dagh at fully 10,000 ft., and 12-14 em. [5-63 in.) high, 4/16 
August, 1874. The plant named by Trautvetter C. montana, 
Linn., var. albida, DC., belongs to this; it was collected by me at 
Küp-gól on 9/21 August, 1871, 15 em. [6 in.] in height. 
TARAXACUM CREPIDIFORME, DCO., var. BREVIINVOLUCRATA, 
Trautv. Specimens are before me from all the highest points 
of the entire distriet travelled over. The maximum height for 
the species is on Great Ararat and Schah-dagh at more than 
11,000 ft. 
TARAXACUM OFFICINALE, Weber, var. STEVENT, Boiss.,=T. 
Steveni, DC. A single dwarf specimen lies before me, 8 cm. 
3i in.] high, gathered at 10,000 ft. on Elbruz, 10/22 August, 
1865. 
CAMPANULA COLLINA, Bieb. Known to Ruprecht as a dwarf 
plant from Daghestan, where it is solitary-flowered at 10,000 ft. 
CAMPANULA CILIATA, Stev. On Schah-dagh at above 10,000 ft., 
flowering when 8 em. [32 in.] high, 27 June/9 July, 1885. 
CAMPANULA TRIDENTATA, Linn., var. RUPESTRIS, Trautv. J 
have gathered this from thirty localities in the upper alpine zone, 
throughout the whole region; its greatest altitude is close 
upon 10,000 ft.; the closely allied species C. SAxIFRAGA, Bieb., I 
possess only from lower elevations, 4500-9000 ft. 
CAMPANULA LEDEBOURII, Trautv. Discovered by me on Küp- 
gol at more than 11,000 ft, and also on Great Ararat 8/21 
August, 1871. 
