280 DR. GUSTAY RADDE ON THE VERTICAL RANGE 
CAMPANULA ÅUCHERI, DC. Gathered in as many and similar 
localities as C. tridentata. Maximum elevation above 11,000 ft. 
The plants collected on 8/20-9/21 August, 1871, formed good 
sized cushions with a flowering-stem of 12-15 em. [5-6 in.]. 
Ruprecht and C. A. Meyer knew of it from the Great Caucasus 
at 10,000 ft. 
CAMPANULA PETROPHILA, Rupr. This species also attains the 
elevation of 10,000 ft. from 5000 ft. upwards. See Boissier, Fl. 
Orient. iii. 903-907. 
CAMPANULA SrEvENI, Bieb. Fully to 10,000 ft.; those 
specimens gathered on the edge of the crater of Bingól-dagh 
still partially in flower, 4/16 August, 1874, had leaf-stalks of not 
less than 20 em. (8 in.]. 
ANDROSACE VILLOSA, Linn. Maximum altitude on Sawalan 
upwards of 11,000 ft., in the Afghan Alps 15,000 ft., according to 
Boissier, Fl. Orient. iv. 14. In the Great Caucasus 10,000 ft. 
ANDROSACE ALBANA, Stev. On Kerigo almost up to 10,000 ft. 
PRIMULA AM@NA, Bieb. Embraces the whole zone between 
4500 ft. to upwards of 10,000 ft. The maximum elevations are 
at the foot of Azunta and the sources of the Ingur, in which 
case it is the variety Mevzrr, Rupr. 
Primura NIVALIs, Pall., was collected in strong examples with 
flowering-stems of 15-17 em. [6-7 in.] on the Archotis-tawi Pass, 
at 10,200 ft., 28 June/10 July, 1876. 
PRIMULA AURICULATA, Lam. The copious series collected on 
Sawalan on 20 June/2 July, 1880, come from nearly 10,000 ft. 
In the western portion of the Great Caucasus I found this 
species at 8000 ft., variety GLacraus, Adam. In the country of 
the Chewsurs it ascends considerably higher, and the same in 
Daghestan; and it is known at 11,000 ft. from the Afghan Alps; 
see Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 28. 
* PRIMULA ALGIDA, Adam. Specimens from Alagös attain a 
height of 2-5 cm. at 12,000 ft., to which it ascends from 5000 ft. : 
this species is very widely distributed; I have it from all alpine 
localities of 10,000 ft. which I bave visited; it is reported by 
Meyer, Ruprecht, and Rehmann from the Great Caucasus. 
