284 DR. GUSTAV RADDE ON THE VERTICAL RANGE 
they overtopped the ground only 7-10 em. [23-4 in.] and flowered. 
At Küp-göl this species attains a height of 30 cm. [113 ins], 
but for the most part lay prostrate. I also found it in the 
Tohe Pass at 10,500 ft. The specimens from Schalbus came 
from 11,000 ft. Those from Kerigo at 10,600 ft. are interesting ; 
their above-ground portion is weak and delicate, 7-10 cm. 
[22-4 in.] in height, lying in turf-like clumps, each clump 
arising from a common main root, which reaches 60 em. 
[234 in.] in an undivided state, and then separates into its 
component fibres. The end of the root of a specimen ın 
this Museum is the thickness of a crow-quill, and is there 
broken off; nevertheless it measures 37 em. [142 in.]. 
PLANTAGO SAXATILIS, Bieb. The only one of this genus which 
ascends into the alpine zone, was collected by me on Schalbus 
and on Schah-dagh up to 10,000 ft., 7-10 em. [234 in.) high. 
Haussknecht cites its occurrence in the north of Persia as high 
as 13,000 ft.; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 881. 
Oxyaın proxsa, Hill, =0. reniformis, Hook. Brought from 
Bingöl-dagh at fully 10,000 ft., and from Great Ararat at 
11,000 ft. 
Potyconum Bistorta, Linn. Ascends as high as the moist 
sedge and grass plots attain, which in the Armenian highlands 
often occur at 11,000 ft. 
MERENDERA RADDEANA, Regel, by that author considered a 
distinct species, is very close to M. caucasica, Bieb.; but the 
latter takes in a broad zone, as according to Boissier (Fl. 
Orient. v. 168) it occurs close to the snow in the south of 
Persia, and has also been collected at the level of the Caspian 
Sea. My specimens of M. Raddeana were gathered in close 
proximity to tbe melting snow, on Sawalan at 11,000 ft., on 
20 June/2 July, 1880. 
LLOYDIA SEROTINA, Salisb. I collected this on Kerigo and 
Archotis-mta at over 10,000 ft., 7-8 em. [23-33 in.]. in height. 
GAGEA LIOTTARDI, Sternb. Gathered in the Suanian Alps on 
Laschchrasch at 10,000 ft., 11/23 June, 1880. 
GAGEA MINIMA, Schult.f. Collected on 20 June/2 July, 1880, 
