286 DR. GUSTAV RADDE ON THE VERTICAL RANGE 
three ascend high in the region of alpine Carices. The last 
plant, whose probable specific identity with Æ. spicata I cannot 
here decide, was found in dwarf specimens on Schah-dagh, at 
12,000 ft., in flower, with peduncles 2-4 em. [1-12 in.] high, on 
27 UA July, 1885. 
-CAREX OREOPHILA, C. A. Mey. In the western part of the 
Great Caucasus to 9000 ft., according to C. A. Meyer; in the 
eastern to upwards of 10,000 ft., according to Ruprecht. 
CAREX srENOPHYLLA, Wahlenb. This species is reported 
from the south of Persia and the main range of Afghanistan at 
10,000 ft., Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 400. Our herbarium possesses 
specimens collected by Owerin from the Daghestan Alps. 
CAREX ATRATA, Linn. I gathered plants of this on Kerigo 
at 11,000 ft., 8-12 em. [84-5 in.] in height on 8/20 July, 1876. 
In the subalpine zone it grows more than 30 cm. high. C. LEPO- 
RINA, Linn., also ascends into the alpine region. 
Carex suPiNA, Wahlenb. Cited by Ruprecht from Azunta 
at 9500 ft., Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 415; the like with C. RIGIDA, 
Good. 
Carex TRISTIS, Bieb. The specimens gathered in the way to 
Küp-göl on the Great Ararat, on 8/20 August, 1871, are very 
robust, with flower-stems 30 em. [113 in.] in height. Ruprecht 
gives the altitude of this plant in Daghestan as 9600 ft., but 
that is certainly not its maximum. 
PHLEUM ALPINUM, Linn., occurs at 11,000 ft.; according to 
Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 484, as high as 12,000 ft. in Afghanistan ; 
specimens from Archotis-mta at 10,000 ft. have a height of 
30 em. [11$ in.]. 
* ALOPECURUS VAGINATUS, Willd. On Sawalan at 11,000 ft., 
20 June/2 July, 1880; the specimens collected at the highest 
altitude had eulms of 8-12 em. [31-5 in.] in height. Recorded 
by Ruprecht and Rehmann from the Great Caucasus at 10,000 ft., 
and I gathered it on Kerigo at the same elevation. The plant 
which Trautvetter described as a distinct species, A. dasyanthus, 
and united by Boissier (Fl. Orient. v. 489) to A. vaginatus as var. 
unipaleaceus, is also truly alpine. Near Küp-göl at over 
11,000 ft. the specimens were still very strong, but above this 
