VEGETATION OF BRITISH BALUCHISTAN. 301 
In cultivated lands the following weeds are generally present :— 
Adonis estivalis (of stouter habit and larger flowers than the 
Indian type); Hypecoum procumbens ; Fumaria parviflora; Mal- 
colmia africana (a very variable plant); Sisymbrium Sophia; 
Lepidium Draba; Euclidium syriacum; Goldbachia levigata ; 
Chorispora tenella ; Saponaria Vaccaria; Silene conoidea ; Holos- 
teum umbellatum; Malva rotundifolia; Erodium Oicutarium ; 
Galium tricorne; Lithospermum tenuiflorum; Veronica agrestis ; 
and Orobanche indica (?). Along the banks of irrigation channels 
Hyoscyamus reticulatus, Centaurea iberica, Cichorium Intybus, 
and Alopecurus pratensis are very frequent, and occasionally 
Xanthium Strumarium. Growing in running water is a variety 
of Veronica Anagallis. In corn-fields Centaurea depressa and 
C. Picris are oftenfound. Halocharis violacea, a curious diffuse 
prostrate plant with minute reddish-purple flowers, occurs occa- 
sionally ; and on the banks of the Lora, Camphorosma mons- 
peliaca, though the latter is not so abundant as in certain parts 
of the Peshin valley. 
In the karezes, or underground channels by which water is 
brought from the foot of the hills to the cultivation below, and 
by which means the greater part of the irrigation is carried out, 
Asplenium Capillus-Veneris grows most luxuriantly. 
Vegetation of the Kákar Lora Valley. 
Leaving the Quetta valley at the N.W. corner, the valley of 
the Kákar Lora is entered, sometimes called the Gwäl valley. 
This is separated from the Quetta valley by the Takatu range, 
the highest point of which is 11,400 ft., and from the Peshin 
valley by a number of low hills composed chiefly of red clay. 
Most of the species found about Quetta extend to the Kákar 
Lora valley, but there are some changes in the vegetation; for 
instance, the two species of Sophora become less and less frequent 
towards the north, until they cease altogether at Peshin. 
This valley is chiefly covered with Artemisia and Alhagi 
Camelorum, the latter the well-known camel fodder, which is cut 
and collected by the Pathans in this and the Peshin valley during 
the autumn. The thorny brushwood is collected into heaps and 
beaten into small pieces, winnowed slightly, and stored for 
winter use. 
Towards Gwäl, between 5500 and 6000 ft., Ephedra pachyclada 
covers a good many acres, though, owing to being constantly 
