VEGETATION OF BRITISH BALUCHISTAN. 305 
and Cotoneaster are common, and beneath them are found Del- 
phinium uncinatum and Anemone biflora. Thalictrum minus is 
usually found here and on other ranges in deep soil between 
rocks and in the shade of bushes from 6000-9000 ft. Leptaleum 
hamatum, a new species, is a common herb on soil formed of the 
disintegrated shales. 
Vegetation of the Juniper Tracts. 
Under this head may be included the vegetation from 7000 to 
10,000 ft., and embraces the country round Ziarat, the Pil 
range, and the Zarghun range near Quetta. The most im- 
portant and abundant species is Juniperus macropoda, named 
* Obüsht ” by the Pathans and * Appurz ” by the Baluchis. It 
forms forests of considerable extent, and is usually pure, being 
rarely mixed with Pistacia mutica, var. cabulica, or with Fraxinus 
xanthoxyloides, and only occasionally attains tree size, owing 
to the unmerciful way in which its branches are lopped for 
feeding sheep and goats; and Celtis caucasica is in the same 
category. The shrubs are numerous, and of these Prunus 
eburnea is perhaps the most abundant, forming thickets on stony 
ground between the ranges up to 9000 ft.; the fruit ripens 
yellow like an apricot, bursts open longitudinally, and soon after- 
wards the seed falls to the ground. Lonicera quinquelocularis 
grows to a considerable size, 18 to 20 ft., in favourable localities ; 
and L. hypoleuca, Abelia triflora, Daphne oleoides (poisonous to 
camels), Ephedra nebrodensis ?, Caragana ambigua, Berberis vul- 
garis and B. Lycium (usually near water), Spiræa brahuica on 
the rocks, Rosa Beggeriana, Cotoneaster nummularia (sometimes 
with shining, and at other times with tomentose leaves), Ribes 
orientale (occurring up to 11,000 ft.) Buddleia paniculata, 
Salvia cabulica, and Berchemia lineata (characteristic of the 
limestone rocks) are usually common, and to a lesser extent 
Jasminum humile, Ficus Carica, Rhamnus persicus (whose bark 
yields a red dye), Sageretia Brandrethiana, and Prunus micro- 
carpa? Jasminum pubigerum and Viburnum cotinifolium, var., 
differing from the type by its retuse leaves, are both rare. 
Amongst other less important shrubs are Sophora Griffithii, 
Plectranthus rugosus, and Othonnopsis intermedia. 
Colutea armata, a new species, is a curious decumbent spiny 
undershrub with inflated pods. It rarely grows to any size, 
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