306 MESSRS. LACE AND HEMSLEY ON THE 
owing to it being browsed by sheep and goats, and has only been 
found at Ziarat and on the Pil hill from 7500 to 9000 ft. Its 
native name is “ Taháwan." 
In many plaees amongst the juniper tracts small maidáns 
are met with from 9000 to 10,000 ft., which are covered with 
hummocks of Acantholimon Munroanum, A. fasciculare ?, and 
Onobrychis cornuta ; and in the midst of these or under the shade 
of bushes Gypsophila lignosa, a new species, is often found. In 
other places these small elavated plains are covered with Cousinia 
scala, a biennial, whose leaves in a young state are grazed by 
sheep and goats. 
Perowskia abrotanoides is very abundant, and often forms hedges 
on the borders of fields at elevations of from 8000 to 9000 ft. 
Large bushes of Clematis asplenifolia are found locally, growing 
in the clefts of limestone rocks in gorges; and in the gorge 
above Zandra the new Saussurea rupestris was discovered, grow- 
ing in small clumps; but this species does not appear to be very 
common. Clematis graveolens is a characteristic climber of these 
parts of the country. 
The most characteristic small plants on the limestone cliffs 
about Ziarat are Aitchisonia rosea, Bupleurum falcatum, B. exal- 
tatum, Pimpinella sp. (no. 8874), Peucedanum sp. (3993), Rubia 
infundibularis, Hemsl. & Lace. Seutellaria petiolata, Hemsl. & 
Lace, having vioiet flowers and similar to S. grossa, but having a 
more woody stem, slenderer flowering stems, and slenderly 
petiolate few-toothed or entire leaves, is a native of this region. 
Under the shade of the juniper trees Viola kunawarensis 1s 
abundant, and differs from that species as described in the * Flora 
of British India' by its white flowers streaked with purple in the 
centre only; also the altitude at which it is found, 7000 to 
10,000 ft., is much lower than that given as its distribution, viz. 
11,000 to 15,000 ft. Leptorhabdos Benthamiana (Serophularineæ) 
is another frequent plant in the shade of trees or rocks, and is 
considered excellent fodder for sheep and goats. It has a wide 
range, being found from 3500 to 10,000 ft. 
During the spring many plants belonging to the Liliacez are 
found that occur at lower altitudes, such as Zremuri, Irides, Allia, 
Merendera persica, &e. Hibiscus Trionum and Centaurea Picris 
are characteristic of cultivated ground. 
Many grasses are represented, among which a species of Agro- 
pyrum (? A. junceum, var.), called “ Wijz” by the people, has the 
