308 MESSRS. LACE AND HEMSLEY ON THE 
very rare, and they are generally branched from the base; the 
lowest branches being often buried in leaf detritus near the 
trunk, and their extreme ends taking an upward turn, give them 
the appearance of young trees surrounding the old one. The 
trees often take the most fantastic shapes, their branches being 
gnarled and twisted in every direction, and when their main shoots 
have been cut off many feet from the ground, which is often the 
case, they assume a candelabra shape. 
The growth of the juniper is very slow, yet it attains twenty 
feet in girth and occasionally seventy feet in height. Although 
it reproduces itself from seed, very few of the seedlings survive, 
owing chiefly to climatic conditions. The wood is light, has 
little strength, and burns quickly, and is employed extensively in 
building, principally for rafters ; but it is even more extensively 
used for fuel. The bark is of immense thickness at the base of old 
trees, and is taken off in long pliant strips by the Pathans, who 
use it for roofing their huts. A kind of liquid called “ Doshah ” 
is prepared from the fruit, and the fruit is also employed in 
curing skins. 
Pistacia mutica var. cabulica is common on some of the arid, 
stony hills and in dry watercourses, from 4000 to 7500 ft., for 
instance at Gwäl, Dozän in the Bolan Pass, at the base of the 
Chihiltån and Mashalak ranges, on the Khwaja Amrán, near 
Anambar, and in other localities. At the last-named place it has 
grown up in the midst of large bushes or small trees of Acacia 
modesta, the latter affording it protection from being grazed by 
camels, sheep, and goats ; and this may well be called the meeting 
point ofthe typical trees of the low hills of Baluchistan and 
the Panjáb. This Pistachio-tree never forms forests, but is 
usually gregarious, or scattered at intervals over the ground, 
the very best portions being somewhat like a very open orchard. 
It attains 20-25 feet in height and 6-10 feet in girth; and the 
short and. clean bole is surmounted by a large, ample erown, the 
outline of which is almost semicircular in a well-grown tree. 
The wood is very hard, dark, and finely grained, and is a most 
excellent firewood, in fact the best in the country. The fruit, 
called “ Shnee," only abundant every third year, is much prized 
by the people. This species is easily distinguished from 
P. Khinjak, which usually occurs as a shrub in clefts of lime- 
stone rocks between 5000 and 6000 ft., or near Hurnai as a tree 
20 feet high, much branched from the base, by its leaves and its 
