VEGETATION OF BRITISH BALUCHISTAN. 309 
bark. The bark of P. Khinjak is light grey in colour on the 
exterior and reddish brown inside, and is smooth and exfoliating, 
whereas that of Pistacia mutica var. cabulica is dark brown 
with longitudinal fissures. The two species are distinguished by 
the natives, who call P. Khinjak “ Ushgai" or “ Buzgai," and 
P. mutica var. cabulica * Gwan” (Baluchi), * Khanjak ” (Peshin), 
* Badwan ” (Hurnai). These native names are worth recording, 
because evidently P. Khinjak received its name from “ Khan- 
jak," though in Boissier's ‘ Flora Orientalis? the description of 
that species corresponds to what the people call “ Ushgai," and 
that of P. cabulica with the real * Khanjak." 
The common olive is another small gregarious tree, scattered 
over larger areas than the Pistachio, and usually at a lower 
altitude, its range being between 2500 and 6500 feet. It is abun- 
dant in the ravines and sheltered situations on the south side of 
the Khalipat range, on the cliffs of the Wám and Mehráb rifts, 
and it is said that there are some very fine groves of it in the 
Zhob valley. 
Between the Wám rift and Hurnai, at 3500 feet, a broad stony, 
usually dry watercourse is covered with a curious mixture of 
tree-growth, forming a fairly thick jungle. The chief element 
is Dalbergia Sissoo, which attains some size, and this is mixed 
with Tecoma undulata, Olea, and Pistacia; the principal under- 
woods being Dodonea viscosa, Grewia oppositifolia, Periploca 
aphylla, Gymnosporia montana, Rhamnus persicus, Zizyphus 
oxyphylla, and Sageretia Brandrethiana. 
In the Thal-Chotiali district, along the banks of the Narechi 
river and in the Pujjha valley, Populus euphratica forms a fringe, 
with a belt of Tamarix articulata on each side, forming forest in 
places. 
The forests of the plains have already been treated of under the 
vegetation of the Sibi neighbourhood. 
Cultivation. 
Since the British occupation of the country, the land brought 
under cultivation has greatly increased in extent, there being no 
fear nowadays of one tribe raiding on another, but owing to the 
small supply of water in the country, there is a limit to this 
extension, and in many parts the custom is to let the land lie 
fallow for one or two years. 
In the Sibi district the principal grain crops are wheat, barley, 
