PROTECTION OF BUDS IN THE TROPICS. 845 
further, shows what an important part this plays in the life of the 
plant, in providing such protection. It will be noticed that these 
prematurely exposed leaves have suffered a variable amount of 
injury; and this can, I presume, be explained by the fact that 
they grew upon different sides of the tree, and thus were un- 
equally exposed to the injurious influences of the sun. On the 
side which was exposed to the sun, one would naturally expect 
the leaves to suffer the greatest amount of injury, while those 
on the opposite side would be less injured, and this is well 
exemplified in the leaf C; this grew on the south side, and is 
more imperfectly developed aud more deformed than either B or 
D; these latter grew upon the sides of the tree enjoying a 
greater amount of shade, and were therefore, to some extent, 
protected by the other foliage of the tree. 
It may be noted that when the stipular hood was removed and 
the leaf which it covered exposed to the air, in each instance 
the young leaf was quite normal, and, up to this point, perfectly 
developed. After the removal of the stipular hood, the young 
leaf being deprived of its protection, the terminal parts of the 
leaf, as well as the margins of the Jobes, grew imperfectly, owing 
to the deprivation of sufficient moisture in these parts, which are 
the furthest removed from the source of water supplied to the leaf 
by its petiole; and since one of the necessary conditions of 
growth is the turgescence of the growing cell, the cells at the 
margin of the leaves, being dried up, were consequently killed. ' 
It may be remarked that, although the majority of trees ceased 
growing and producing leaves during the dry season, and also 
that some trees shed their leaves during this period of the year, 
yet Artocarpus incisa continued to produce new leaves during 
this season ; and it does not seem unreasonable to suppose that 
this may be accounted for by the existence of the protective 
stipular hoods. 
HEPTAPLEURUM. 
- A good example of protection by means of stipules is afforded 
by the species of the genus Heptapleurum, one of which we will 
describe. This plant was growing in the Botanical Gardens at 
Peradeniya; but since it had never flowered, its species had not been 
determined. In this species of Heptapleurum (fig. 3, Pl. XLV., and 
Pl. XLVI.) the petiole is broadly inserted upon the stem, and at 
the insertion of the petiole the stipules of each leaf are connate 
and form a conical projection (fig. 3, C, Pl. XLV.) which rises from 
