142 SURJ.-MAJ. J. E. T. AITCHISON ON THE FLORA OF 
statement :—* It is a remarkable fact that every plant exhibitedthe 
peculiarity of bearing an abundance of long filiform outgrowths 
proceeding from various parts of the plant.” I have also found 
these growths to be present in nearly all the specimens of the 
plant in the Herbarium at Kew ; and I have scarcely ever col- 
lected it without its being thus affected. On examination, these 
growths prove to be a form of gall, produced by the deposition of 
the ova of some insect whilst the leaves or fruit are in a very 
young state. This malformation is represented by a somewhat 
analogous condition in the horn-like processes developed on Pis- 
tacia integerrima, J. L. Stewart (Royle’s specific name, Kakra- 
singee, for the. gall-bearing condition of this species, signifies 
wild-sheep’s horn)—and also again in Wallich’s Cerasus cornuta, 
which has been identified as Prunus Padus, Linn. 
The Grasses met with were nearly all species procured in the 
Punjab, and of the following genera:—Growing near water, 
Arundo, Phragmites, Hemarthria, Saccharum, and Panicum; in 
the dry stony country, Gymnothrix, Pappophorum, Aristida, Chry- 
sopogon, Andropogon, Heteropogon, Elionurus, and Pennisetum. 
Those considered the best fodder grasses were Panicum san- 
guinale and Panicum pabulare, a new species, much collected by 
the villagers for their cattle, said to be superior to all Finger- 
huthia africana, Lehm., a very remarkable grass, heretofore only 
found in South Africa, occurs in luxuriance at the end of August 
or beginning of September, depending on the rainfall; it is a 
very pretty grass, in general habit resembling Phalaris minor, 
which is found in the Punjab, and some of the European species 
of Phleum. In the hills, both near Shinak and to the south, 
opposite Kuram, I collected an undescribed species of Statice, viz. 
S. Grifithü, not handsome in its flower, but curious in the way 
it throws out buds from an underground perennial rhizome. At, 
and a little above, 5000 feet I collected Quercus Ilex, Olea, Rhus 
(two species), Rhamnus persica, Dodonea, Reptonia, and Buxus. 
I sought for Pinus longifolia; but it does not appear to exist any- 
where in the Kuram valley that I have explored ; and I am of 
opinion that it is not to be found in Afghanistan, and in all proba- 
bility not to the north or west of the Indus, except cultivated. 
I doubt if it was really this species that is mentioned by Dr. 
Stewart as having its lower limit at 9000 feet in the Sulimén 
