56 MR. A. F. BROUN ON THE 
The work done by Nature, described above, if sure, is too slow 
for our progressive times ; the immense volume of water which 
spreads itself and is wasted in these vast swamps is wanted lower 
down, to change desert and howling wilderness into smiling fields. 
Mueh has been done by the great Irrigation Department of 
Egypt, and among gigantie tasks which still await it is that of 
draining the swamps of the Upper Nile. 
Khartoum, 26th April, 1904. 
List oF PLANTS SEEN IN THE SWAMPS OF THE UPPER NILE. 
(a) Chief * Sudd”-formers. 
Cyperus Papyrus, Linn. 
Panicum pyramidale, Zam (“ Om-Suf.”) 
Phragmites communis, Trin. 
Typha australis, Schum. & Thonn, 
(b) Lwiners and Climbers (all common). 
Vitis ibuensis, Baker. 
Vigna nilotica, Hook. f. 
Luffa egyptiaca, Mill. 
Adenopus breviflorus, Benth. 
? Melothria cordifolia, Hook. f. 
Ipomcea reptans, Poir. 
I. palmata, Forsk. 
I. Lindleyi, Choisy. 
(c) Accessory “ Sudd "-formers (including water-plants 
and plants which grow on the floating vegetation). 
Nymphæa Lotus, Linn. 
Hibiscus diversifolius, Jacq. 
Herminiera Elaphroxylon, Guill. $ Perr. 
Jussiza diffusa, Forsk. 
J. pilosa, H. B. & K. 
Trapa bispinosa, Roxb, 
Hydrocotyle natans, Cyr. 
Melanthera Brownei, Rohr. 
Sonchus Bipontini, Aschers. 
Utricularia Oliveri, am. 
Polygonum lanigerum, R. Br. 
P. tomentosum, R. Br. 
Ceratophyllum sp. 
Vallisneria spiralis, Zinn. 
Boottia scabra, Benth. 
