336 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE 
widely removed from the one under consideration, they contain 
abundant observations capable of general application, and I have 
profited much by their perusal. 
But the influence, direct and indirect, of Flahault is especially 
noteworthy, for it was through his pupil Robert Smith that 
the study of plant associations first gained a permanent footing 
here. 
Smith applied Flahault’s system in Scotland, and in this new 
area found it necessary to somewhat modify it, and eventually 
he produced the first vegetation map in Britain, dealing with 
the Edinburgh district (86). Unfortunately, on the eve of 
publication of a second map dealing with Northern Perthshire 
(87) he died, and the study of Plant Geography was much the 
poorer by the loss of an able and most enthusiastic worker. 
However, the subject was at once taken in hand by his brother, 
William G. Smith, who has since actively continued the work, 
not only in Scotland, where other maps dealing with Forfar and 
Fife have been published (87), but two areas in West Yorkshire 
(88, 89) have also been mapped with the assistance of C. E. Moss 
and W. M. Rankin, and other areas in the North of England 
by F. J. Lewis (57); while in the ‘ Flora of Halifax’ an interesting 
account of the vegetation of the parish is given by W. B. Crump 
(20). To all these [ am indebted in many ways, and to the 
suggestions of Dr. W. G. Smith; whilst to Prof. C. Schróter I 
am especially indebted for much help in connection with the 
literature dealing with the various branches of the subject, and 
l have profited much by his kindly criticisms. 
I.—WoonprANp VEGETATION Mars. 
a. A typical Mixed Deciduous Wood in the 
Coal-Measure Area. 
The broad features of the vegetation having thus been studied, 
it has been my endeavour to carry the problem a step further 
by paying special attention to a very limited area. 
The first attempts were made to map in detail the dominant 
plants in a small wood, and Birks Wood (a portion of the 
somewhat extensive Woodsome Woods near Huddersfield) was 
selected, as being most accessible. For this purpose several 
tracings were made from the 25-inch survey map, and on these 
the distribution of the commonest species was indicated. The 
