ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 957 
Mean Temperatures (° F.) taken at Huddersfield Cemetery in 
the Coal-Measure Area for the 28 Years 1877-1904. 
Altitude 400 feet. 
Year's 
Jan. Feb. Mar. April. May. "363. | mean. 
; 367 877 401 442 497 563 
At 4 feet above grass...... July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. | 469 
594 584 545 468 417 977 | 
For the last eight years, 1897-1904, owing to the relatively high temperature 
of the winter months, the yearly average was 47?'8 F. 
WINTER AVERAGE. SUMMER AVERAGE. 
Dec.-Feb............. 9793 June-August ...... 589-0 
No records of temperature are available for the Moss Moor, but estimating the 
decrease at the rate estimated by Dalton, viz., 1? Fahr. for each successive 
ascent of 100 yards, we may give the temperature of the Moss Moor at 
44? F., and for the highest points probably 42° F., while that of the lowest 
levels would be 47?'5 F. 
I am indebted to Mr. J. Firth for details of rainfall and 
temperature taken at the Huddersfield Cemetery, to Mr. Joshua 
Robson for the records at Dalton, and for the remainder to 
Mr. J. W. Schofield, Waterworks Manager to the Huddersfield 
Corporation; while Mr. Charles Brook has kindly supplied me 
with the interesting records of temperature taken at Harewood 
Lodge, Meltham. 
(a) Cotton- Grass Zone of the Moss Moor. 
The term Moss Moor has been adopted by W. G. Smith (88) 
as the equivalent of the German * Hochmoor " or * Moosmoor," 
a term especially suitable as these moors are often known locally 
as “ Mosses "—e. g., Harden Moss, Holme Moss, and Featherbed 
Moss, the latter being a very suggestive name when the cotton- 
grasses are in fruit. 
This region is to the extreme west of the district and is a 
portion of the Pennines. The hills run from N. to S. with an 
altitude of from 1700 to 1100 feet. The rainfall is high (45 
inches or more), and this is therefore an important catchwater 
area for the manufacturing towns and villages in the valley 
below. The geological formations here are the Kinderscout 
grits, and above them extensive deposits of shales and clays. 
Developed on these are large beds of deep ill-drained peat 
covered almost entirely with cotton-grasses, chiefly  Erio- 
phorum vaginatum, L., and to a much less extent E. angusti- 
folium. These stretch for miles in monotonous characteristically 
