THE KUBAM VALLEY, ETC., AFGHANISTAN". 17 



ramosissima, Ononis arvensis, Triglochin palustre, Orchis latifolia, 

 Primula denticulata, Tussilago Farfara, Swertia petiolata, and 

 Ophelia cordata. Near this Taraxacum montanum is found, as 

 well as in one or two other localities. 



Under the shelter of forests, chiefly along the lateral ravines 

 in which the tributaries of the Karaia flow, a variety of shrubs 

 and other plants are found which are more or less local ; as, for in- 

 stance, Prunus Jacquemontii, Pibes orientate and P. Grossularia, 

 Lonicera Griffithii, Fraxinus Moorcroftiana, two species of Ephe- 

 dra, and a Leptorhabdos near virgata. In the forest near the 

 Pewarkotal Eremostachys speciosa is occasionally met with — a 

 Central- Asian type, a very woolly plant with large yellow flowers 

 on a shortened spike almost growing from the root-stock. Under 

 Picea Smithiana, apparently parasitical upon it, Hypopytis lanu- 

 ginosa ; and on limestone debris Althaea rosea. I here first found 

 a JS T epeta near teucrifolia, which extends from this through- 

 out the Hariab district to Karatigah. Phlomis spectabilis, on the 

 margin of the forest near the cantonments, is extremely handsome; 

 and underneath the trees, where one would expect little to grow, 

 Astragalus verticillatus (collected also on the exposed southern 

 face of the lower hills near Shalizan), with A. rhizanthus, is very 

 characteristic, and which at first, on finding the leaves only, I 

 mistook for a Paibiaceous plant. 



The rocks of the Hariab district are covered with the follow- 

 ing plants : — Dionysia tapetodes, being the most characteristic, 

 from its frequency and moss-like habit and its profusion of 

 bright yellow flowers (some of the plants of this seem to have 

 reached a great age, as I have seen a woody root-stock over 6 

 inches in circumference) ; Parietaria officinalis and P. debilis ; 

 Campanula sp., no. 541 ; Seseli sibiricum, remarkable for its stiff 

 erect appearance, generally found in the most inaccessible locali- 

 ties ; Microrhynchus aspleniijolia and Asplenium Puta-muraria, 

 which latter may be considered the only fern of the Hariab dis- 

 trict up to 11,000 feet, although in one instance on limestone I 

 picked up a good specimen of Ceterach, and heard of a species of 

 Adiantum near water at Alikhel. Specimens of A. Trichomona 

 and A. septentrionale are very uncommon. 



11. Vegetation of the spurs of the Pewdrkotal, Alikhel, and around 

 Sikardm up to an altitude of '13,000 feet. 



On the spurs of the Pewarkotal between Zabardastkalla and 



LINN. JOUBN. — BOTANY, VOL. XVIII. C 



