THE KURAM VALLEY, ETC., AFGHANISTAN. 79 



0. Fraarinus Moorcroftiana, Wall. 



From a stout woody bush to a good-sized tree. On the ascent 

 to Pewarkotal and occasionally all over the Hariab district to 

 Hrekalla and Karatigah. 

 258. Olea cuspidata, Wall. 



A cultivated tree in the Kuram district wherever I have seen it. 

 It does not occur in the Hariab district. Between Badishkhel 

 and Thai not common, except in groves, where there can be no 

 doubt it has been cultivated. From Ibrahimzai and across by the 

 inland road to the Darwazaghai pass it is common as a wild tree, 

 but on the pass itself is found in cultivated groves only. The 

 Afghans have a superstitious veneration for this tree. 



47. Asclepiade^;. 

 582. Vincetoxicttm sp. = No. 7, T.Thomson's collection. 



About 8000 feet, at Biankhel and Kaiwas, on open stony hot 

 slopes ; June, July. 

 44. Cynanchum humile, Falc. = No. 920, Stocks. 



Shinnak, at about 3000 feet ; April. 

 0. Periploca aphylla, Dene. 



Common, but no specimens collected. 



48. LoGANTACEJE. 

 189. Buddleia crispa, Benth. 



A large shrub, common on the sides of fields from near Ba- 

 dishkhel, through the whole Kuram valley, up to 7000 feet ; not in 

 the Hariab district. Inflorescence very handsome. 



49. Gentianac^. 



354. Erythraea ramosissima, Pers., var. caspica, Fisch. 



Very local. Shalizan, on sides of irrigation-channels in shade 

 of rock ; at Biankhel. A very slender plant with white flowers ; 

 July and August. 

 697. E. Centaurium, L. 



Shalizan ; June. 

 881. Gentiana aquatic a, L. 1 



Only one small specimen found, Biankhel ; July. 

 932, 1003. G. sp. = 61 of Jaeschke's collection in Lahul. 



Sikaram, at 12,000 feet, on dry soil in the shelter of creeping 

 juniper ; Shendtoi, at 10,000 feet, profuse. 

 876. Swertia petiolata, Royle. 



Common at Biankhel and Sergal ; July and August. 



