472 



ME. C. B. CLAEKE ON 



but Linnams appears to have looked this way at flowers, at least 

 sometimes. 



Mr. Bentham has of late years replaced the Linnjean " dex- 

 trorsum contortis " by » lobis dextrorsum sese obtegentibus " and 

 sometimes by " lobis dextrorsum contortis et obtegentibus "' This 

 is intended to meet the case which occurs occasionally (in Ascle- 

 Piadeae not rarely), wherein, though the corolla is strongly con- 

 torted to the right, the line of overlap of the lobes is nearly ver- 

 tical or even (near the tip of the corolla) somewhat towards the 

 lelt In such a case the contortion is really dextrorse, and the 

 contour of the edges of the lobes not a point of much importance. 

 Mr. Bentham s alteration of the words does not affect the main 

 C A 18 * 1 " 1 ^ the edg68 ° f the coro ^-lobes, as viewed 

 W • ' J ' T^ t0 ° 7erlap t0 thG ri - ht > then ' as ^ewed from 

 Linnl J Tl aPPear t0 ° Verlap t0 the left - If *» alter at all 

 w Zh ,1 l T/ ^ ^ reqUire i8 S ° me Word t0 ^wthat 



Z ouff , i T m ^ ba8G ' n0t fr ° m its ^ » that we -*»d 



on our feet as we look at the sun at noon, not on our head. 



ofcolZ e nT mS '^T ^ l ^ hard1 ^ sa ^ sim ^ar to that 

 blZe^d C ° r0lla ^ be ^ but * » ^ch less confused, 

 STof ?££r\? WeU . a8 b ° tanist8 ' W B^endly taken the 



Z 3 Se " P °; ihVe aXi8 ' aS L Wus unif0 ™ly d i d - *> 

 ng. d a climber is ascending a tree with a right- 

 hand contortion ; if, however, we turn the book 

 upside down, the contortion appears left-hand. 



the contortion appears left-hand; this is the 

 same as supposing ourselves inside the tree and 

 turning aho right-about-face. Lastly, if we 

 turn the page upside down and then look 

 through it from behind, the contortion appears 

 nght-hand. There are, in short, t,o arbTaTy 

 conventions ; therefore/^ cases. 



If in fig. 3 we suppose a twiner to grow down 

 a stem so that the direction of all the arrows is 

 reversed, the direction of the twist is reversed 

 A distinguished botanist twisted a piece of 

 string round a cedar pencil and pointed out to 

 me with some triumph, that the direction of 

 the twist appeared the same from either end of - 

 the pencil. This of course merely amounts to saying that if you 



Fig. 3. 



