THE CONIFEBS OF JAPAN. 475 



For the Conifers of the Arctic regions, of Siberia, of the north- 

 east coasts of Asia, and the adjacent islands I have consulted 

 Ledebour's 'Flora Eossica,' and Hooker on the Distribution 

 of Arctic plants, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xxiii. (paper read June 21 

 1860). For species found in Manchuria and Amuria I have 

 turned to Trautvetter and Meyer's enumeration in Middendorff's 

 ' Eeise,' to Maximowicz's ' Primit. Flor. Amur.' (1859) p. 260, to 

 Kegel's ' Flora ITssuriensis ' (1862), to Schmidt's ' Eeise im Amur- 

 land und auf Sachalin.' For China I have depended on the publi- 

 cations of Bunge (Enum. Plant. Chin.), Euprecht (Sertum Tian- 

 schanicum), Fortune, &c. For the Conifers of Eussian America 

 I have trusted to the publications of Ledebour, to Bongard's 

 ' Observations sur la vegetation de Pile de Sitka,' Seemann's 

 ' Botany of the Herald,' Eothrock's ' Sketch of the Flora of 

 Alaska.' For North-western America I have referred especially 

 to Hooker's ' Flora Boreali- Americana ' and Engelmann's " Mo- 

 nograph of Conifers " in the ' Botany of California '*. 



In the detailed enumeration of the species (p. 485 et seqq.), the 

 authorities for the names adopted and for the synonyms are cited 

 in full, as also in cases where an illustration is giveu ; but those 

 publications in which no original description is given, but merely 

 a transcript from some other source, are not expressly mentioned, 

 the citation of the author's name alone being in such case sufficient. 

 The Conifers recorded as native to Japan, inclusive of Tesso, 

 admit of being grouped in 13 genera, of which one only is peculiar 

 to Japan, viz. Sciadopitys. Two genera are peculiar to Japan and 

 China, viz. Cryptomeria and Cephalotaxus (unless the Sumatran 

 C. sumatrana, a doubtful species, be included). Ginkgo, a Chinese 

 genus, is supposed not to be native in Japan, though often culti- 

 vated. Podocarpus has representatives both in Japan and China ; 

 and its species are widely dispersed in tropical and subtropical 

 regions. Tsuga and Torreya have each of them species in Japan 

 and on both sides of the North-American continent. Several 

 Japanese genera occur also in the Himalaya Mountains. The 

 other genera which have Japanese representatives are widely 

 distributed, especially in the northern hemisphere. 



The 13 genera recorded in Japan comprise 41 species, exclusive 

 of varieties and doubtful natives, thus distributed : — Thuya (in- 



* Veitch's yery useful 'Manual of the Conifera;' was issued only as this sheet 

 was passing through the press ; hence I have not been able to cite it as fre- 

 quently as otherwise I should haye done. — June 1881. 



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