THE CONIFEBS OF JAPAN. 495 



Thuyites, the fossil representative of Thuya, is found in the 

 Miocene, "Wealden, and Oolite strata. 



In addition to the species and forms above mentioned, others 

 are named in gardens and garden -catalogues. Such are : — Reti- 

 nospora ericoides, pseudo-squarrosa, juniperoides, decussata (-T. 

 orientalis), decurvata, dubia, japonica, Devriesiana, tetragona, &c. 

 It is impossible, with the material at command, to assign these 

 forms to their sources. In gardens, indeed, the same name is 

 often applied to different plants. Thus there are different plants 

 bearing the names of japonica, squarrosa, and ericoides. Of the 

 latter one is a form of T. occidentalism another of T. obtusa, a third 

 of T. pisifera, a fourth of T. sphceroidea, &c. As the history and 

 course of development are not known, it is impossible to dis- 

 entangle the confusion. Most of them are juvenile forms or imma- 

 ture states of some species of Thuya or Juniper, some have arisen 

 as bud- variations, others as seedling varieties. Very few are known 

 in the wild state, even in Japan*. 



* M. Carriere says, in the ' Revue Horticole ' for 1880, pp. 36, 93, and 177, 

 that Retinospora Ellwangeriana is a " larval " form of Thuya occidentalis, R. dubia 

 of Thuya sp., E. juniperoides of Thuya orientalis. Biota meldensis [once] sup- 

 posed to be a hybrid between Biota orientalis and Juniperus virginiana [is now 

 known to be a form of T. orientalis']. B. squarrosa is mentioned as a larval 

 form of some unknown species ; B. pseudo-squarrosa as a seedling variety of 

 T. (Chamcecyparis) sphceroidea ; and C. andelyensis is said to have had a similar 

 origin from the same type, although it has been re-baptized by English nursery- 

 men as Betinospora leptoclada (not of Siebold). M. Carriere gives the following 

 synonymy: — 



1. R. dubia, Carr. Traite GenSral des Coniferes, ed. 2, p. 141 ; Chamaj- 

 cyparis ericoides, hort. ; Thuya japonica, hort. ; Thuya ericoides, hort. ; 

 Thuya Devriesiana, hort. Germ. 



2. R. Ellwangeriana, Carr. Rev. Hort. 1869, p. 349, cum ic. ; Thuya 

 Ellwangeriana, hort. [a form of Thuya occidentalis]. 



3. R. juniperoides, Carr. Traite, ed. 2, p. 140; Rev. Hort. 1869, p. 307, 

 cum ic. ; Juniperus ericoides hort. ; Chamaecyparis decussata, hort. ; Reti- 

 nospora recurvata, hort. ; R. glauca, hort. ; R. squarrosa, hort., non Sieb. ; 

 Cupressus ericoides, hort.; Retinospora rigida, Carr. MSS.= T. orientalis. 



4. R. leptoclada, Zucc, Carr. Rev. Hort. 1869, p. 95, cum ic. ; R. 

 squarrosa, hort., non Sieb. et Zmcc. ; Chamascyparis squarrosa leptoclada, 

 Endl. ; Retinospora squarrosa leptoclada, hort, non Gordon ; Ohamse- 

 cyparis leptoclada, Henk. et Hochst. ; Retinospora argentea, hort. 



5. R. meldensis, Carr. Traitl, ed. 2, p. 103; Juniperus meldensis, 

 hort. ; Biota meldensis, Laws. ; B. orientalis, var. meldensis, Carr. Traitl, 

 ed. 2, p. 103 (Hoopes, I. c. p. 339) ; Thuya meldensis, hort. ; T. hybrida, 

 hort. ; T. orientalis meldensis, hort. 



