102 Arthur Hollick. 
6. Quercus pseudo-alba Hollick, 1. c., p. 227, pl. LXX, fig. 2; pl. LXXI, 
fig. 1—6 [fossil]. 
Leaves varying in size and outline, irregularly pinnatifid into obtusely 
pointed lobes, the lower ones entire and extended into a wedge-shaped 
base, the upper ones occasionally sub-lobed (?); sinuses rounded; second- 
ary nervation irregular, consisting of a series of main nerves extending 
from the midrib at varying angles to the extremities of lobes, with forks 
extending to the extremities of the sub-lobes (?) and an intermediate finer 
series extending with the tertiary nerves and finally forming sub-marginal 
nerves extending along the margins of the lobes. 
These leaves appear to be practically identical with many forms of 
the living Q. alba L. and they might also be compared with forms of Q. 
macrocarpa Michx. and Q. lyrata Walt., all of which vary greatly in size 
and shape. Q. garryana Dougl., Q. utahensis (A. D. C.) Rydb. and Q. 
gunnisoni (Torr.) Rydb. may aiso serve for comparison, but the imperfect 
condition of the Maryland specimens renders it impossible to determine 
accurately their nearest allies in the living flora, hence it has been 
thought best to merely indicate in the name adopted the general apparent 
relationship with the white oak group. 
Sunderland Formation. Point of Rocks and near the headwaters 
of Island Creek, Calvert County. Maryland Geological Survey. 
7. Ulmus betuloides Hollick, 1. c., p. 228, pl. LXX, fig. 1 [fossil]. 
Leaf oblong-ovate (?) in outline, serrate; secondary nerves leaving 
the midrib almost at right angles, mostly forking or branching once or 
twice near the extremities, each division terminating in one of the mar- 
ginal serrations; base and apex not known. This leaf by reason of the 
obtuse angle of divergence made by the secondaries with the midrib, 
appears to be distinct from any species with which it was compared. 
In some respects it resembles a Betula rather than an Ulmus, but it 
apparently was inequilateral or cuneate at the base, as indicated by the 
more rounded outline on the left side and the slightly curved midrib. 
With an apex such as that shown in Fig. 11, Plate V, the leaf would 
approach very closely to many forms of U. americana L. 
Sunderland Formation. Point of Rocks, Calvert County. Mary- 
land Geological Survey. 
8. Ulmus pseudo-racemosa Hollick, 1. c., p. 228, pl. LXXI, fig. 11—13 
[fossil]. 
Leaves varying in size, averaging about 2 inches in length by 1 inch 
in width, oval to somewhat obovate in outline, inequilateral, sharply and 
more or less doubly serrate: apex rather abruptly acuminate; base cuneate 
or cuneate-cordate; petiole short; nervation simply pinnate, craspedodrome, 
the secondaries numerous, flexuous, varying in their angles of divergence 
from the midrib and mostly once to several times forked, especially 
towards their extremities, the branches of the forks terminating in the 
minor dentitions of the margin. 
It is almost impossible to separate these leaves from those of the 
