C. CALISAYA, VAR. LEDGERIANA, AND C. LEDGERIANA. 825 
To quote the words of M. van Gorkom (formerly Chief Iu- 
spector of Cultures in Java) in a recently published work*:— 
“The Calisaya Ledgeriana appears then as the legitimate de- 
scendant of the noblest species of the Bolivian forest, and there 
occurs also in various forms, differing from each other chiefly in 
the shape of the leaf, but, on the other hand, agreeing in a high 
percentage of very pure quinine in their bark. These plants 
quite early distinguish themselves from the other varieties of Ca- 
lisaya, and are regularly recognized in Java by their small white 
flower, which in S. America appears to be very sensitive to frost. 
The bark has a peculiarity quite its own. The cause why this 
variety does not reach Europe in large parcels appears to be that 
in Java very properly the trees of less value are cut down, whilst 
the best are reserved for later growth. On the other hand, there 
is fear that in British India many of the best C. succirubra and 
C. officinalis trees have already been felled.” 
In the ‘Journal of Botany’ for Jan. 1883 is a communication 
from Dr. Otto Kuntze, in which he asserts his views as to the 
derivation of all the species of Cinchona but four from hybridismt, 
the proof being some direct artificial production of several 
hybrids, and the fact that the seeds of marked trees produced 
plants with the mixed characters of another species. In all this 
controversy imagination has been too much suffered to take the 
place of fact. Iam not aware of any carefully conducted expe- 
riments in hybridization except those of the late Mr. M‘Ivor, 
whose lamented and early death has been a great loss to science. 
I received from him a carefully prepared herbarium with ex- 
amples of all the sorts of Cinchona, including those which he 
regarded as hybrids; but they do not suffice to establish any 
theory. Ihave also several presumed hybrids growing in my 
stoves, and amongst the rest the sort which I suggested might 
* ‘A Handbook of Cinchona Culture,’ 1883. 
t Species of Cinchona grown in Java, and represented in the herbarium men- 
tioned above (p. 321) :-— 
C. Calisaya, Hasskarl. | €. lancifolia (? the sort), sent out 
i. Sehuhkraft. | by Karsten. 
E hybrid. C. caloptera, Hasskarl. 
C. Pahudiana (How.). | C. micrantha (sent from Madras). 
C. officinalis, not Uritusinga, var. C. succirubra. 
angustifolia, | C. cordifolia (seed from V enezuela). 
How is it possible that these, by crossing, should ‘produce the Ledgeriana? 
which, moreover, we know to have grown from §.-American seeds, and thus 
added to the list. 
