33 
only to the fruits of other genera in the same family prevents 
one from taking for the outer integument of the seed. 
Here the nodus of the attachment of the calyx is separated 
by a very distinct internodium from that nodus where the 
bases of the four carpellary leaves are attached, and from 
whence proceed the partial seminal pedicels through the 
appropriate apertures of the carpels, which I call spermo- 
pyle,* into the cavity of those carpels. In the genus Cyno- 
glossum two evident internodia may be observed, the one 
between the attachment of the calyx and corolla and that of 
the carpellary leaves, the other between these and the partial 
seminal pedicels.t 
The latter internodium may be observed much more 
conspicuously in the Echinospermum which M. Dvigoubski 
in his Flora of Moscow distinguishes as a section of Myosotis 
with prickly seeds. Here, as Schrader has admirably repre- 
sented in the Echinospermum Lappula, the axis presents a 
four-sided pyramid with excavated concave surfaces. At the 
base of each of these longitudinal concavities is a bunch of 
fibres forming the connection between the carpellary leaf and 
the axis, and representing its petiole. At a considerable inter- 
val higher up there proceeds from the same concavity another 
bunch of fibres forming the partial seminal pedicel. And thus 
it is evident that the partial seminal pedicel does not pro- 
ceed from the margin of the carpellary leaf, and that the in- 
ternodium which separates the two abovementioned branches 
of fibres is that which authors generally call the placenta, 
with this difference only, that it is not enclosed within the 
cavity of the carpel, but is what I call the extracarpellary 
spermophorum. Precisely the same structure is observable in 
Echinospermum deflexum Zehm, and probably in all the 
species of the genus. In the Labiate, and in all those Bora- 
ginee described as having nuces basi imperforate, the struc- 
ture of the carpellary leaf is very similar, as I have already 
said, to Mirbel’s campylotropous seeds, and on this account 
* From the Greek word ozeppa seed, and rvAn a gate, an entrance cor- 
responding to the other term I have adopted of élastopyle in lieu of the 
micropyle of Turpin. 
+ See de Asperifoliis Linnzi Commentatio auct. H. A. Schrader, fig. 
d. c—A third internodium in this family is formed by the continuation of 
the axis which gradually runs into the stigma, without producing any more 
lateral appendages. 
