SUBSUBAREAS OF BRITISH INDIA. 139 
species of Eu-Carex sect. 4. Rare thrown in) The species 
then number (a very few strongly marked forms being treated 
as species) :— 
Non-Endemic. Endemic. Total. 
Proprig.................. 32 20 52 
Indice .................. 7 46 53 
Vignea, ke. ............ 25 32 57 
64 95 162 
The Nilghiri Hills with the Mountains of Ceylon, and much 
intermediate mountainous and jungly country as Travancore, 
Anamallays, Pulneys, Courtallum will be referred to as the Nilghiri- 
Ceylon Region. The whole hilly and jungly region from Khasia 
to Singapore will be referred to as the Eastern Region. 
The component parts of the Non-Eudemie Indian Caricinew 
will be arranged as the European component, the Central-Asian, 
the Eastern. 
Beginning with the Non-Endemie Proprie,—we find that, of 
the 32 species, 14 belong to tlie * European component "—they 
enter India at the North-west corner and occupy the higher 
levels, 8000-12,000 feet, of our West Himalayan subsubarea ; 
they extend no farther into India, only one or two of them have 
been collected in Upper Sikkim. These are species of Cooler 
(Northern and Alpine) Europe which have uearly all been found 
in the Caucasus and intermediate regions; many of these West 
Himalayan species reach England (as C. flava, Linn., C. rostrata, 
Stokes, C. vesicaria, Linn., C. acutiformis, Ehrh., C. Pseudo- 
cyperus, Linn.). The somewhat isolated ©. Wallichiana, Nees, 
extends from Cabul to Ava; but of the preceding European- 
component l4, not one reaches Khasia, far less does any one 
exeeute the jump to Malabaria. 
'The Central-Asian component of the Non-Endemie Proprie, 
of 8 species only, reaches only the high Himalaya, 10,000-16,000 
fect: it is a component of the Indian flora merelv because we 
extend our politieal north frontier of India into the high plateau 
of Central Asia. 
The Eastern component of the Non-Endemie Proprie contains 
9 species also found in China, Japan, or Malaya; with one very 
widespread species, C. breviculmis, R. Br, which is scattered 
from New Zealand and Japan to the West Himalaya. Of this 
Eastern component we find that 4 species iuhabit Khasia and 
