140 MR. C. B. CLARKE ON TITE 
also the Nilghiri-Ceylon region, being absent in the directly 
intervening area of Bengal, Central India, &e. (1000 miles). It 
is sugzested below that the Eastern component which reappears 
so strongly in the Nilghiri-Ceylon region came vid Sumatra. 
The Endemic Proprie emphasizes what the Non-Endemic 
teach us of Geography: of the 20 species 12 are high-level 
West Himalayan, 5 are included between Sikkim and East Assam, 
3 are of Nilghiri-Ceylon. 
The component parts of the Zndice will be considered under 
the same heads as the Proprice. 
As to the Non-Endemie 7 species, 5 belong to the Eastern 
component, and of these 3 also oceur in the Nilghiri-Ceylon 
region. One of these latter, C. baccans, Nees, creeps up the 
Malabar Ghats northwards; I have seen two examples labelled 
“ Bombay,” but am not sure how near Bombay town these 
were got. 
As to the remaining two Non-Endemic Indice, one is the rare 
C. sanguinea, Boott, of which I have seen two examples only— 
(a) from the Murree woods; (b) from Cabul; the other is the 
C. eruciata, Wahlenb., a species (as understood in the “Flora of 
British India") scattered from Madagascar to China; but both 
itself and its varieties are so diftieult to define botanieally, that 
1 do not think it safe to draw any deductions from its area of 
habitation. 
The Endemic Indice are 46: of these 17 are in Sikkim or 
West Himalaya or both (mostly at temperate levels); 17 are in 
Sikkim or Assam or both; 9 are in the Nilghiri-Ceylon region, 
whereof C. mercarensis extends north up the Malabar Ghats 
nearly to Bombay. The remaining 3 endemic species have more 
unusual areas of habitation :—C. plebeia grows at the 1500-2000 
level throughout Chota Nagpore; it is so closely allied to the 
abundant C. filicina, Nees, that it might be reckoned the Chota 
Nagpore geographie race of that species; C. stramentitia, Boeck., 
plentiful in the East Himalaya and Assam, oceurs also on 
Parasnath (in Chota Nagpore) at 4000 feet alt.; C. speciosa, 
Kunth, a strongly-marked isolated (but very variable) species, 
is found in Malabar, Chota Nagpore, East Himalaya, Assam. 
Keeping in view the short distance from the Garo Hills or 
from Sikkim to Rajmahl, it is an important observation that so 
