142 MR. C. B. CLARKE ON THE 
Himalaya and Khasia, except that the Khasia C. longicruris 
reappears in the Nilghiri-Ceylon region. To say more about 
these, would be to repeat what has been said about the Proprie 
and Indice. 
Summing up the geographical distribution of the Caricineæ, 
we see that there are 2 major and 2 minor Non-Endemic Com- 
ponents in the Indian Flora, to which parallel Endemie Com- 
ponents correspond, These are:—(1) the European, (2) the 
Eastern, (3) the Central Asian, (4) the few Hemispheric. 
(1) The European non-endemic species (27) enter India at the 
north-west angle and extend half of them over our West 
Himalayan tract, half of them to East Himalaya or Assam. 
With these are 55 endemic Himalayan plants. 
(2) The Eastern species of Assam and the East Himalaya, a few 
extending down the Malay Peninsula. These may be 
reckoned 23 species, whereof 6 reappear in the Nilghiri- 
Ceylon Region. With these are 4 endemic Nilghiri-Ceylon 
species, and 22 Eastern endemic species, whereof 3 reappear 
in the Nilghiri-Ceylon region. 
(3) The Central-Asian component of 12 non-endemic species 
which just enter the high Himalaya from the North, and with 
which may be arranged perhaps 8 endemic plants— Kobresias 
and high-level Carices—which are altogether Central Asian 
in character, 
(4) The Hemisph&rie component, of 5 to 7 species, which are 
scattered from Africa to Japan, Sandwich Islands, and New 
Zealand. 
It will be noticed that, omitting very few species of which few 
examples have been collected, the areas of the Caricinee in 
India do not fill up one-third the whole area of the Empire. 
This is not entirely a question of elevation-above-sea and cool- 
ness, for there are large areas of the Deecan at considerable 
elevation where no Carex has yet been found, while there are 
several species in Assam that have (as yet) only been found at 
low elevations. It is more a matter of moisture; but from 
Chittagong to Singapore Carex is not prominent, though the 
country is moist enough as well as jungly and hilly enough. 
