BOTANY OF THE CEYLON PATANAS. 915 
CANTHIUM Reen, DC., var. minus, Thw. Hooker, iii. 134. 
Trimen, ii. 344. (=C. P. 3420.) 
(212, 3800 ft.) 
C. PARVIFLORUM, Lam. Hooker, iti. 136. Trimen, ii. 346. 
A shrub. “Wood very hard and close-grained " ( Trimen). 
Leaves glabrous and semi-coriaceous. Below 5000 ft.; rare. 
(803, 4000 ft.) 
? MORINDA TINCTORIA, Roxb. Hooker, iii. 156. Trimen, ii. 354. 
(447, 2200 ft.) 
RUBIA CORDIFOLIA, Linn. Hooker, iii. 202. Trimen, ii. 372. 
A long scandent perennial. “Roots very long, with a 
thick red cortex” (Zrimen). Leaves rugose, semi-coriaceous. 
(683, 5600 ft.) 
GALIUM Morrvao, Linn. Hooker, iii. 207. Trimen, ii. 373. 
Very abundant among the grasses of the patanas above 
5000 ft. (682, 5600 ft. ; 376, 5800 ft.; 485, 7000 ft.) 
Valeriana Moonii, Arn. Hooker, ii. 213. Trimen, iii. 1. 
A tall perennial. Rootstock horizontal; roots numerous 
aud long. In wet places at high elevations. — (483, 
7000 ft.) 
Dipsacus Walkeri, Arn. Hooker, im. 218. Trimen, iii. 2. 
A tall perennial. Rootstock stout and woody; leaves 
mostly radical. In wet places at high elevations. Rather 
rare. (562, 7000 ft.) 
Vernonia Thwaitesii, C. B. Clarke. Hooker, iii. 231. Trimen, iii. 6. 
Perennial. Rootstock woody; roots numerous, stout, 
and fibrous; leaves erect, sub-glabrous, semi-coriaceous. 
On the wet patanas. Very rare. (393, 4100 ft.) 
V. ciNEREA, Less. Hooker, iii. 133. Trimen, iii. 7. 
A small annual. (476, 3800 ft.) 
V. setigera, Arn. (sp. ?). Hooker, iii. 235. Trimen, iii. 7. 
A small undershrub. (634, 5600 ft.) 
V. Wightiana, Arn. Hooker, ii. 238. Trimen, iii. 9. 
A low undershrub, usually 2 to 3 feet ; on the dry patauas ; 
8 feet. Rootstock stout and woody; taproot woody and 
deep; lower surfaces of the leaves and the young shoots 
densely tomentose. Very abundant on the patanas, especi- 
ally at about 2500 ft., where it frequently forms a dense 
scrub. (468, 2500 ft.; 469, 3800 ft.; 822, 5600 ft. ; 244, 
5800 ft. ; 840, 6200 ft. ; 561, 7000 ft.) 
