214 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEH AND 
with Mr. Lake; and Dr. Keith while residing at Bangtaphan 
in Siam sent a number of herbarium specimens, with sketches 
and notes, as well as living plants. 
In the following list, I have marked with “ v.s.” those that | 
have only examined in a dry state, and due allowance must be 
made for post-mortem changes in these. A large proportion of 
the species described are or have been under cultivation in the 
Botanic Gardens in Singapore. I have added here and there a 
few descriptions of species from outside the Malay Peninsula, 
chiefly plants closely allied to the peninsular species. These 
descriptions are enclosed in brackets. All the localities marked 
with a ! and no collector’s name, were obtained by myself; 
and those which have no ! are species which I have not 
‘seen in the peninsula. 
Habitats.—The greater part of the Malay Peninsula is covered 
with dense jungle which extends to the tops of nearly all the 
hills, though the trees at about 4,000 feet elevation are more 
stunted. In the low country forest epipbytic orchids are com- 
paratively rare, and when they occur are usually situated on 
the upper branches of the loftiest trees, so as to be nearly 
inaccessible. Terrestrial orchids, chiefly Neottiew, some of 
which are saprophytic, occur scattered all through the forests, 
usually sparingly, and owing to their dull or brown colouring 
are often very inconspicuous. The mangrove swamps and tidal 
river banks are often very rich in epiphytic species, which 
sometimes thickly cover the branches of the trees. In the 
drier and more sunny spots along the sea coast, and the more open 
rivers, species of Thrizspermum, Renanthera, and Aerides scramble 
over the rocks in thick masses. The open country where the 
forests have disappeared produces but few species ; Spathoglottis 
plicata, Blume, Eulophia, Geodorum, Bromheadia palustris, 
Lindl., Habenaria lacertifera, Benth., occur in dry grassy spots. 
Liparis paradozxa, Reichh. f., Thrixspermum lilacinum, Reichb. f., 
and Vanda Hookeriana, Reichh. f., grow in the grassy swamps. 
A few common species are abundant in the orchards and 
gardens of the villages; such are Dendrobium crumenatum, Sw., 
D. pumilum, Roxb., D. Leonis, Reichb. f., D. micranthum, 
Lindl., Cirrhopetalum vaginatum, Lindl., Bulbophyllum clan- 
destium, Lindl., Dendrocolla Trichoglottis, and D. filiformis, and 
Acriopsis javanica, Reinw. 
In many of the hill forests, orchids become more abundant, as 
