486 DR. O. STAPF ON SARARANGA SINUOSA. 
mantle of this portion, consisting of wide, radially arranged 
cells, is transformed into an air-filled tissue with extremely 
delicate cell-walls (Pl. VII. fig. 28) which finally separate more 
or less from the surrounding parts and often get torn themselves, 
whence the stone (pyrene) appears finally wrapped in a delicate 
flat, filmy coat with a rugged surface. The inner mantle on the 
sides of the ovary cell develops into a thin sclerenchymatic 
shell, while the meristem, which in a young state extended all 
over the edges of the cell, gives rise to a strong, hard, and obtuse 
crest (PI. VII. figs. 27, 28) of considerable width, consisting 
entirely of stone-cells of the kind common in the shells of stone 
fruits. The ripe seed is oblong in transverse section and com- 
pletely fills the stone, the testa being very thin and consisting 
of much flattened brownish cells. The short raphe and the 
hilum near the upper end of the seed are quite distinct. The 
embryo (PI. VII. fig. 29) is small, and of the form characteristic 
of Pandanus, that is, conical or ovoid, with » lateral indentation 
below the middle. The albumen is very copious and oily, the 
cells containing large aleurone grains, which enclose crystalloids 
and globoids, quite as in Pandanus (Pl. VII. fig. 30). In a 
perfectly ripe fruit the thin parenchymatous partitions between 
the stones are often more or less re-absorbed, and then the stones 
are closely packed together in curved rows. 
It is clear from this description that the fruit of Sararanga is 
technically a “ drupa succulenta polypyrena.” 
Affinities with Pandanus. 
Count Solms-Laubach in his paper on Pandanacew, in Bot. 
Zeit. (1878), has pointed out that the female spadix of Pan- 
danus is a spike, the sessile flowers of which exhibit a complete 
suppression of the perianth and, with few exceptions, of the 
androecium, thus being reduced to naked gynaecea. The gynae- 
ceum itself in the struggle for space on the rbachis has in many 
cases undergone a kind of dislocation in the arrangement of the 
carpels, or a partial or complete suppression of some of them, 
down toa reduction to a solitary carpel. Where the typical 
concentric arrangement of the carpels is still maintained, the 
gynaeceum is polygonal in transverse section, the carpels meet 
with their ventral sutures in the centre, the sinuses of the often 
horseshoe-shaped stigmas facing also the centre. The next 
