498 MR. H. N. RIDLEY ON CYRTANDRACER MALAYENSES. 
their roughened surfaces to rocks and stones readily germinate. 
This plant is the only one in the order which has established 
itself as a weed in the Botanic Gardens at Singapore, in the 
brickwork and rocks forming the walls of plant-houses.. 
The shrubby or half-shrubby Cyrtandras are represented by 
six species, of which three are known also from Sumatra or 
Java, and three are endemic. They have dry, dull-coloured, 
- and inconspicuous corky fruits, full of small seeds. In C. pen- 
dula, Blume, the long peduncles hang down over the rocks, 
so that the head of fruits is often buried among the decaying 
leaves. The fruit is often devoured by some animals, perhaps 
mice, and possibly the seeds are dispersed in this manner. 
Of the two species of Cyrtandromea, one occurs all over 
the peninsula and in Sumatra, and the other appears to be 
endemic. 
Stauranthera is represented by two species, also known 
from Burmah and Assam respectively, but not from the 
Malayan Islands. The section Didymocarpew is far more 
localized in distribution, out of forty species of Didymocarpus 
and the closely allied Didissandra and Chirita, thirty-eight 
are confined to the Malay Peninsula; one, Chirita viola, Ridl., 
occurs also in Siam as well as Lankawi, and two in Sumatra 
also. The single species of Phyllobea and Monophyllea are 
endemic, as are all the eight species of Baa, five of which are 
peculiar to the Lankawi Islands. 
The Didymocarpi are remarkably circumscribed in locality ; 
thus, of the numerous saxophilous species occurring on the 
Thaiping Hills, in Perak, I have not seen one from Mt. 
Ophir, in Malacca, nor Kedah Peak, nor from the Lankawi 
Islands, nnless one excepts Didymorcarpus cordata, Wall, of 
which a distinct form occurs in each of the first two localities. 
Mt. Ophir itself also produces D. semitata, O. B. Clarke, D. 
longipes, C. B. Clarke, and D. marginata, C. B. Clarke, which 
occur nowhere else, and, indeed, their area in this locality 18 
exceedingly limited, the first named being confined to the 
wet slopes of rock over which the one or two streams run 
down the hill, at an altitude of from 2,000 to 3,000 feet; and 
D. longipes, C. B. Clarke, is only to be met with in the drier 
parts of the woods adjacent to the streams. 
The Didymocarpi, Didissandre, and Chirite have slender 
pods, which split along the upper margin, and expose the 
